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461.
W. Burleson Daviss Rasim S. Diler Boris Birmaher 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):857-871
Depression is a common, potentially devastating comorbidity in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).
Various environmental adversities are well-described as correlates of depression in general pediatric populations, but not
in youth with ADHD. In 104 adolescents with ADHD, we examined potential environmental correlates of lifetime depression, including
trauma exposure, recent negative life events and current parent-child conflict, along with current and past ADHD severity
and current impairment. Controlling for demographic variables, comorbid disorders, and ADHD severity, we noted significant
associations between lifetime depression and environmental adversities, including victimization trauma, parent-child conflict,
and behaviorally-independent negative life events. Current impairment but not ADHD severity was also highly associated with
lifetime depression, controlling for the same covariates. Findings from this preliminary, cross-sectional study suggest that
environmental adversities and impairment in youth with ADHD should also be targeted along with the ADHD when contemplating
strategies to treat or prevent comorbid depression. 相似文献
462.
The present study extended previous research into the role of cognitive style in predicting depressive symptoms in children by examining positive attributional style for positive events in a prospective manner, with a focus on the influence of prior life experience. A non‐clinical sample of 102 children (aged 10–12 years) was recruited. Participants completed self‐report measures of depression, attributional style, stressful life events, and positive life events on two occasions (approximately 6 months apart). Positive attributional style for positive events moderated the relationship between negative life events and follow‐up depressive symptoms. Number of positive events did not significantly moderate the negative life events–depression symptoms relationship although there was a trend in the expected direction. Positive attributional style for positive events appeared to act as both a mediator and moderator in the positive events–depression symptoms relationship. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
463.
Kyunghee Lee 《Journal of child and family studies》2003,12(4):425-437
In this study, I report secondary analyses using data from the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP). The IHDP included parent-targeted as well as child-targeted components as an integral part of early intervention programs. I examined three questions: (1) Do the IHDP early intervention services enhance adaptive maternal coping skills? (2) Do maternal coping skills moderate the relationship between stressful life events and maternal depression? (3) Are maternal coping skills associated with children's behavioral scores? Mothers in the treatment group have more adaptive coping skills than follow-up only mothers, and these effects are moderated by maternal characteristics. Adaptive coping skills moderate the effects of negative life events on maternal depression. Adaptive maternal coping skills are significantly associated with fewer behavioral problems for children at age three. These effects are moderated by the intervention. Implications for early intervention programs are discussed. 相似文献
464.
The purpose of the present article is to outline the conceptual foundation and practical methodology of the Jacobson-Truax Clinically Significant Change index, derived from psychotherapy outcome research. This way of considering what constitutes clinically significant change in psychotherapy puts a premium on social validation. It empowers clinicians to evaluate the meaningfulness of their client's progress and to communicate that progress to third parties such as other clinicians, researchers, and insurers. Application of the method is demonstrated in the case of a client treated with Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). The discussion focuses on the advantages of this procedure for satisfying the intellectual interest of the practitioner-scientist and for furthering informed discussion of the value in various applications of REBT to clinical problems. 相似文献
465.
The enactment effect, the stable finding that memory for action phrases is enhanced in a subject-performed compared to a verbal task (SPT; VT), has repeatedly been demonstrated. The question remains whether the enactment effect has to do with specific characteristics of the SPT-retrieval process. Experiment 1 tested younger and older adults in a within-subjects design with two direct free recall tests. Thorough analyses of the recall process showed that the benefit from self-performing the items becomes apparent early into the retrieval phase for both age groups. Experiment 2 tested the same age groups with a retention phase of 30 minutes. The same general results pattern emerged. The acceleration of the recall process in SPTs is indicative of a heightened accessibility of the actively encoded material, making it less susceptible to forgetting. This property of SPTs must be taken into account when trying to determine the origins of the enactment effect. 相似文献
466.
Elizabeth I. Johnson Mathilde Husky Olivier Grondin Carolyn M. Mazure Jack Doron Joel Swendsen 《Motivation and emotion》2008,32(4):251-259
Little is known about the magnitude and duration of mood responses to daily negative events as a function of gender, history
of mood disorder, and current substance use. Using computerized ambulatory monitoring techniques, perceived negativity of
minor daily events and state affect were prospectively examined every 3 h on average for a 7-day period. Event negativity
was associated with depressed mood for 6–9 h following event occurrence, and was associated with happy mood for 3–6 h. Gender
and substance use moderated the relationship between event negativity and mood states concurrently, and remained influential
for approximately 3 h following the event. History of mood disorder did not moderate any within- or across-day relationships
between event negativity and mood. No evidence was found for mood uplifts following daily events in either within- or across-day
analyses. The findings are discussed relative to assessment timing in investigations of vulnerability-stress theories. 相似文献
467.
This study examined the use of specific forms of emotion regulation at work, utilizing Gross’s [Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology 2, 271–299] process-based framework of emotion regulation as a guiding structure. In addition to examining employee self-reported usage of these emotion regulation strategies, we assessed the types of discrete negative emotions and negative affective events associated with their use. Results demonstrated that employees reported using a wide variety of emotion regulation strategies, and that each strategy tended to align with a distinct set of discrete negative emotions and affective events. These findings support expanding the focus of emotion regulation strategies at work beyond the deep acting (i.e., changing feelings) and surface acting (i.e., changing expressions) distinction. The results also suggest that focusing on specific strategies, rather than categories of emotion regulation, could enhance understanding of how employees manage their emotions at work. 相似文献
468.
469.
C. Arnoux-Nicolas L. Sovet L. Lhotellier M.-P. Dupont F. Fertin J.-L. Bernaud 《Pratiques Psychologiques》2019,25(4):349-366
Meaning in life (MIL) is a multidimensional concept defined as the way individuals understand themselves and understand their relationships with their external environment. Life events play a critical role in the meaning-making process. The purpose of our study was to examine the links between the MIL's components and the life events through three experiential indicators: normative value, subjective value, and locus of control. A questionnaire assessing a large panel of life events and each component of MIL (direction, sensation, signification) was completed by 117 adults. Analysis of intra-individual and inter-individual differences showed strong links between the experiential indicators although they were not completely redundant. Positive life events perceived as a choice with positive effect and negative life events not perceived as a choice with negative effect were significantly correlated with signification. The relevance of looking at life event through a multivariate and phenomenological approach and at the distinctive role of each component of MIL was discussed in terms of research and practice. 相似文献
470.
Valerie M. Wood Tara K. MacDonald Danielle Charbonneau Samantha Urban 《Personal Relationships》2019,26(4):602-627
We explored adult attachment and spousal perceptions of intrapersonal and relationship functioning during military deployments. In Study 1, spouses of military members experiencing a separation were assessed, and in Study Two, spouses of military members experiencing a reunion were assessed. Study 3 entailed a large‐scale survey of relationship perceptions of spouses of military members. In Studies One and Two, attachment dimensions were related to perceptions of intrapersonal and relationship functioning during the separation and reunion, with associations moderated by days separated/reunited. In Study 3, attachment dimensions were related to relationship perceptions, with associations moderated by deployment stages. This research not only contributes to the knowledge of attachment processes in military contexts but also has the potential to inform policies and services supporting military families. 相似文献