人类胚胎的道德地位

胚胎干细胞技术的发展带来了干细胞来源的伦理争论,提出了如何看待"胚胎道德地位"的问题。围绕这一问题,有三种观点,它们分别从生物性、理性功能以及人的潜能性来界定胚胎的道德地位。通过对三种观点的分析,本文强调坚持人的尊严原则,是推动新兴生物技术发展的核心和归宿。     

初探健康管理与我国糖尿病的预防与控制

近年来,我国糖尿病发展的势头迅速,成为糖尿病患病率增长最快的国家之一,给社会和经济带来了巨大的负担。文章针对我国的糖尿病的流行现状及其带来的经济负担,分析了实施糖尿病健康管理的现实意义,并借鉴美国健康管理的经验,构思了我国社区的促进糖尿病防制的健康管理模式。     

电视胸腔镜下肺癌切除术应用体会

电视胸腔镜手术被视为20世纪末期胸外科界革命性的一大突破,是微创胸腔外科应用范围最为广阔的胸腔镜手术。其中,腔镜下治疗非小细胞肺癌的肺叶切除术是胸外科微创的代表性手术,其创伤小、恢复快、并发症发生率低等优点日益明显。尽管胸腔镜肺癌切除的安全性及有效性得到普遍认可,而且胸腔镜手术治疗早期肺癌患者也取得了良好的效果,但目前...     

老年糖代谢异常患者血浆NT—proBNP与血管内皮功能早期监测意义

通过检测老年糖代谢异常患者的血浆N末端血清脑钠肽前体（NT—proBNP）水平与肱动脉血管内皮依赖性舒张功能（FMD）,探讨其早期监测意义。共77例观察对象,其中12例血糖正常的健康老人为对照组,65例老年糖代谢异常组患者根据空腹血糖（FBG）和糖耐量2小时（0GTT2h）血糖水平分为空腹血糖受损组（IFG）14例、糖耐量受损组（IGT）23例和2型糖尿病组（DM）28例。各组均检测血浆NT—proBNP水平和无创超声监测FMD。随着血糖代谢异常程度加重,比较正常组,糖代谢异常组的血浆NT—proBNP水平升高（P〈0．01）,FMD调节下降（P〈0．01）;糖代谢异常发展过程中,IFG阶段FMD即出现舒张失调（P〈0．05）;IGT阶段血浆NT-proBNP水平升高有意义并达到无症状心衰诊断标准（P〈0．01）,且FMD出现舒张过度调节,提示收缩和舒张功能双向调节不良。空腹血糖升高增加血管内皮依赖性舒张功能损害,当FBG合并（或）餐后血糖升高,血浆NT—proBNP水平升高可以成为早期预测慢性无症状心功能不全的危险因素。因此,关注老年糖代谢异常早期阶段进程,并联合血浆NT—proBNP水平和血管内皮依赖性舒张功能监测,不仅对靶器官保护具有早期预警意义,而且是临床控制血糖管理的重要而简易的方法之一。     

What Diagnostic Devices Do: The Case of Blood Sugar Measurement

Diagnostic devices do more than just passively register facts. They intervene in the situations in which they are put to use. The question addressed here is what this general remark may imply in specific cases. To answer this question a specific case is being analysed: that of the blood sugar measurement device that people with diabetes may use to monitor their own blood sugar levels. This device not only allows the patients concerned to better approach normal blood sugar levels, but alters what counts as normal in the first place. Using the device may shift people's attention away from their physical sensations towards the numbers measured, but it may also help them to increase their own physical self-awareness. Self-monitoring finally (something that the devices have made possible) makes patients less dependent on professionals, but it requires them to engage in self-disciplining and binds them to the outcomes of their measurement activities: their own blood sugar levels.     

The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group intervention on depression and anxiety in patients with type II diabetes

IntroductionDepression and anxiety are important risk factors for diabetes and high blood pressure.ObjectiveThis study investigated the effectiveness of the Cognitive-Behavioral Group Intervention for Diabetes Disease (CBGI-DD) in reducing depression and anxiety in female patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodThe CBGI-DD program includes 12 weekly 2.5 h sessions, spread weekly over the course of 3 months. The present study was semi-experimental and controlled, with assessments at pre-test and post-test. It included diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of T2D in the patient's medical records by a diabetes specialist. Participants (62 female volunteers aged 25 to 75 years) were randomly allocated to a control or test group. Both groups responded to the Second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) before (pretest) and immediately after the intervention (posttest). Participants in the test group received CBGI-DD (from April up to the end of September 2018) at Mashhad Diabetes Center. The control group received only medical care during this period.ResultsAn analysis of covariance showed that compared to the control group, the test group had a significant reduction in anxiety and depression from pre-test to post-test (p < 0.05). It was compared post-test scores between the two groups, controlling for pre-test scores.ConclusionThe CBGI-DD program seems to be effective in reducing anxiety and depression in female patients with T2D. However, further research exploring the potential for long-term improvements in depression and anxiety is needed.     

CXCR4和CXCR7在甲状腺癌中的表达及病理意义

研究甲状腺癌组织中趋化因子4受体（CXCR4）和趋化因子7受体（CXCR7）的表达情况及临床病理意义。应用免疫组织化学PV-6000法及Westernblot法检测CXCR4与CXCR7在甲状腺癌中的表达。二者在甲状腺癌与甲状腺良性疾病组织的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,在甲状腺癌中表达仅与淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）,CXCR4与CXCR7之间呈正相关。Westernblot结果提示二者在甲状腺癌中的表达率高于癌旁及甲状腺腺瘤。CXCR4和CXCR7的表达水平与淋巴结转移相关,可作为甲状腺癌预后的判断指标。     

阿卡波糖、二甲双胍联合胰岛素类似物治疗肥胖糖尿病短期疗效

观察阿卡波糖、二甲双胍联合胰岛素类似物治疗肥胖2型糖尿病的短期疗效。将60例符合标准患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,均给予重组甘精胰岛素联合赖脯胰岛素强化治疗控制血糖,观察组同时给予阿卡波糖及二甲双胍口服,出院时进行疗效评价。观察组血糖达标时间、胰岛素用量少于对照组,餐时胰岛素停用比例大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;两组患者出院时体重较入院时均有所下降,观察组较对照组体重变化更明显（P＜0．01）。阿卡波糖、二甲双胍联合胰岛素类似物治疗方案,可作为初诊肥胖2型糖尿病治疗的理想方法之一。     

“We're not gonna be friends anymore”: Associations between viewing relational aggression on television and relational aggression in text messaging during adolescence

A number of studies suggest that adolescents who view relational aggression on television are more likely to engage in higher levels of subsequent relational aggression in social interactions. This study examined longitudinal associations between viewing relational aggression on television and relationally aggressive behavior in text messaging over a 1-year period during adolescence. Participants were 197 adolescents who completed a number of questionnaires regarding media use and aggression. Adolescents were each given a BlackBerry device and a sample of text messages was coded for aggressive behavior. Results revealed that exposure to relational aggression on television was associated with higher levels of relational aggression in texting one year later, but only for girls. Results are discussed with reference to the General Aggression Model.     

Associations of transcranial doppler velocity,age, and gender with cognitive function in children with sickle cell anemia in Nigeria

Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) have elevated cerebral blood velocity relative to healthy peers. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cerebral blood velocity, measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound, age, and gender with cognitive function in children with SCA in Nigeria. Eighty-three children (M_age = 9.10, SD = 1.90 years; 55% female) with SCA in Nigeria completed cognitive assessments and a TCD ultrasound. The association between TCD velocity and measures of perceptual reasoning (Raven’s Progressive Matrices), working memory (WISC-IV Digit Span), and executive planning (Tower of London, TOL) were assessed. Results showed that elevated TCD velocity significantly predicted lower scores on TOL Time Violations and Total Problem-Solving Time when controlling for BMI, hemoglobin level, and parent education, suggesting that TCD velocity is related to the efficiency of executive function. Further, age was negatively related to children’s performance on the Ravens Matrices and TOL Total Correct, and boys showed greater deficits on the TOL Total Correct relative to girls. Moderation analyses for gender showed that there was a conditional negative association between TCD velocity and Digit Span for boys, but not for girls. Findings suggest that children with SCA in Nigeria with elevated TCD velocity are at risk for deficits in efficiency of executive planning, and boys with elevated TCD velocity are particularly at increased risk for deficits in auditory working memory. Implications of this study are important for interventions to reduce cerebral blood velocity and the use of TCD in this population.