Sex and age group differences in the associations between sleep duration and BMI from adolescence to young adulthood

Objective: We examine concurrent and longitudinal associations between sleep duration (SD) and body mass index (BMI) from adolescence to young adulthood, controlling for physical activity and internalising symptoms. Sex and age group differences (early adolescent group ages 12–15 years and late adolescent group ages 16–18 years) are examined.

Design: A randomly selected community-based sample of youth (N = 662; 48.3% males) were surveyed biannually from 2003 (T1) to 2014 (T6).

Results: We found sex and age group differences for the concurrent and longitudinal associations between SD and BMI. For males, shorter SD at baseline was concurrently related to higher BMI. For females, shorter SD at baseline was associated with longitudinal increases in BMI, for the late adolescent group only.

Conclusion: Findings show that the association between SD and BMI, previously shown in childhood, continues to be significant in adolescence and young adulthood. Developmentally appropriate and sex-specific strategies for motivating and supporting healthy sleep habits in adolescence that may help to prevent weight gain into young adulthood are discussed.     

The problem of the additive constant and eigenvalues in metric multidimensional scaling

This paper is concerned with the additive constant problem in metric multidimensional scaling. First the influence of the additive constant on eigenvalues of a scalar product matrix is discussed. The second part of this paper is devoted to the introduction of a new formulation of the additive constant problem. A solution is given for fixed dimensionality, by maximizing a normalized index of fit with a gradient method. An experimental computation has shown that the author's solution is accurate and easy to follow.     

音乐欣赏过程中三至十岁儿童的情绪判断与想象发展

研究不同年龄儿童音乐欣赏后的情绪判断及想象,结果表明：儿童对喜悦、悲伤两种艺术情绪判断正确率呈极显著差异,学前儿童情绪判断正确性喜悦大大高于悲伤。进入小学学习后的儿童对悲伤情绪判断正确率迅速提高。儿童想象指数随年龄缓慢增加。情绪正确判断人数与产生想象人数呈显著相关。     

基于Gini指数的认知诊断计算机化自适应选题策略

Gini指数可用来描述分布的不均匀性,已广泛应用于决策树算法,本文开发了基于Gini指数的认知诊断计算机化自适应选题策略,并在饱和模型和缩减模型下与SHE, MPWKL,GDI,PWKL选题策略进行比较。模拟研究表明,基于Gini指数的选题策略与SHE,MPWKL,GDI相比,分类精度相近并提高了题库的利用率;与PWKL相比,提高了分类的精度和选题速度,综合来看,基于Gini指数的选题策略能够兼顾分类精度和题库使用均匀性。     

On the Computation of the RMSEA and CFI from the Mean-And-Variance Corrected Test Statistic with Nonnormal Data in SEM

A new type of nonnormality correction to the RMSEA has recently been developed, which has several advantages over existing corrections. In particular, the new correction adjusts the sample estimate of the RMSEA for the inflation due to nonnormality, while leaving its population value unchanged, so that established cutoff criteria can still be used to judge the degree of approximate fit. A confidence interval (CI) for the new robust RMSEA based on the mean-corrected (“Satorra-Bentler”) test statistic has also been proposed. Follow up work has provided the same type of nonnormality correction for the CFI (Brosseau-Liard & Savalei, 2014). These developments have recently been implemented in lavaan. This note has three goals: a) to show how to compute the new robust RMSEA and CFI from the mean-and-variance corrected test statistic; b) to offer a new CI for the robust RMSEA based on the mean-and-variance corrected test statistic; and c) to caution that the logic of the new nonnormality corrections to RMSEA and CFI is most appropriate for the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, and cannot easily be generalized to the most commonly used categorical data estimators.     

老年人的朋友参照效应

采用自我参照效应范式探讨老年人朋友参照效应的特点。城市老年人和农村老年人各36人参加实验1, 结果表明：(1)城乡老年人都表现出朋友参照效应; (2)与农村老年人相比, 城市老年人朋友参照效应指标显著高于自我参照效应指标。城市教育程度较高与教育程度较低老年人各36人参加实验2, 结果发现, 与城市教育程度较低的老年人相比, 城市教育程度较高的老年人朋友参照效应指标高于自我参照效应指标, 表明教育程度对朋友参照效应有显著影响。由此推断, 老年人会将朋友包含于自我图式之内, 并且教育程度会影响朋友在自我图式中的地位。     

Similarity based approximate reasoning: fuzzy control

This paper presents an approach to similarity based approximate reasoning that elucidates the connection between similarity and existing approaches to inference in approximate reasoning methodology. A set of axioms is proposed to get a reasonable measure of similarity between two fuzzy sets. The similarity between the fact(s) and the antecedent of a rule is used to modify the relation between the antecedent and the consequent of the rule. An inference is drawn using the well-known projection operation on the domain of the consequent. Zadeh's compositional rule of inference and existing similarity based reasoning techniques are considered for a new similarity based approximate reasoning technique. The proposed mechanism is used to develop a modified fuzzy control system. A new defuzzification scheme is proposed. Simulation results are presented for the well-known inverted pendulum problem.     

标准参照测验决策一致性指标研究的总结与展望

决策一致性指考生在两次平行测验中被一致归类的程度,是衡量标准参照测验质量的重要指标.到目前为止,基于经典测量模型和项目反应模型,研究者已经提出了数十种估计决策一致性指标的方法,并对这些方法的优劣进行了比较.由于模型基础和对分数分布的假设不同,各种方法适用于不同的测验情境.未来的研究应当对已有方法进行验证,并探讨决策一致性在教育测量中的应用途径,为教育和心理测量工作者估计测验的决策一致性指标提供凭据.     

异常反应模式的识别和分类

通过对Drasgow等人的个人适合指标l2公式的再分解,发现该指标也属于残差型类的指标。特别是和Tatsuoka的广义个人适合指标ξ指标具有类似的数学结构,除符号相反外,不同之处仅是公式中加权项。其次,该研究定义了任意两个异常反应对象的类似度,在此基础上试用多维标度法对异常反应模式进行再分类。结果说明分类是有效、实用的。     

社区老年人心理健康评价模式研究

在已有研究证据和理论框架基础上,本文对社区老年人心理健康状况(PWB)的理论构念及其多指标评价模型进行实证研究。验证性因素分析表明,从正性情感、负性情感摆脱、愿望与实际所得的符合程度以及自尊感四个核心领域对PWB进行综合评价的模型与社区老年人(N=220)测评数据的拟合度良好。研究结果也表明,根据该模型而建立的量表具有符合心理测量学要求的信度和效度,能够对社区老年人的心理健康状况进行有效评价,并可用于老年心理疾患的筛查。