The integration of science and practice: Unique perspectives from counseling psychology students

Counseling psychology training programs predominately subscribe to the scientist–practitioner training model, which emphasizes the mutual integration of science and practice. There has been extensive debate surrounding the applicability of the scientist–practitioner training model to the field of counseling psychology, and existing commentary from both trainers and trainees has documented the potential challenges to adequately integrating science and practice. In the current article, three counseling psychology doctoral students outline their experiences in a program that adheres to the scientist–practitioner training model. In particular, they describe their involvement in both clinical and scholarly related activities, their experiences with the integration of science and practice, and how the scientist–practitioner model has influenced their overall professional development. Specific examples of how the scientist–practitioner model can shape the perspectives and career goals of psychologists-in-training are reviewed.     

Examining the relationship between skilled music training and attention

While many aspects of cognition have been investigated in relation to skilled music training, surprisingly little work has examined the connection between music training and attentional abilities. The present study investigated the performance of skilled musicians on cognitively demanding sustained attention tasks, measuring both temporal and visual discrimination over a prolonged duration. Participants with extensive formal music training were found to have superior performance on a temporal discrimination task, but not a visual discrimination task, compared to participants with no music training. In addition, no differences were found between groups in vigilance decrement in either type of task. Although no differences were evident in vigilance per se, the results indicate that performance in an attention-demanding temporal discrimination task was superior in individuals with extensive music training. We speculate that this basic cognitive ability may contribute to advantages that musicians show in other cognitive measures.     

Short-term memory impairment in vestibular patients can arise independently of psychiatric impairment,fatigue, and sleeplessness

Vestibular dysfunction is associated with visual short-term memory impairment; however, it remains unclear if this impairment arises as a direct result of the vestibular dysfunction or is a consequence of comorbid changes in mood, affect, fatigue, and/or sleep. To this end, we assessed the concurrence and interdependence of these comorbidities in 101 individuals recruited from a tertiary balance clinic with a neuro-otological diagnosis. Over fifty per cent of the sample showed reduced visuospatial short-term memory, 60% and 37% exceeded cut-off on the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories, respectively, 70% exceeded cut-off on the Fatigue Severity Scale, 44% reported daytime sleepiness on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and 78% scored above cut-off on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The high concurrence of these symptoms gives reason to infer the existence of a vestibular cognitive affective syndrome. Structural equation modelling indicated that the significant statistical association between general unassisted posture (a marker of chronic vestibular dysfunction and strong predictor of falls risk) and short-term memory was not mediated by mood and wakefulness. Instead, the memory impairment related more directly to vestibular dysfunction. From a rehabilitation perspective, the implication is that if the vestibular disorder is treated successfully then the memory problem will likewise improve.     

音乐训练促进诗句韵律整合加工的神经过程

本研究采用ERP技术,考察音乐训练组和对照组完成诗句押韵判断任务时,在绝句末对韵律信息(含声调和韵母两个维度)的整合加工过程。结果发现,在100～300 ms,仅音乐训练组在声调/韵母合适条件下,对韵母/声调的一致性进行深入分析,并诱发了更大的正波;在韵母违反条件下,声调违反相比声调合适诱发了更小的正波。在300～750ms,两组被试均在绝句末对诗句内出现的韵母和声调违反进行整合分析并诱发了广泛分布的负波。不过,对照组仅在声调/韵母合适条件下进行,而音乐训练组则在声调/韵母违反条件下完成此过程。综上,音乐训练组和对照组均会在诗句末完成押韵信息的整合加工,但是音乐训练组对韵律信息(尤其是声调)的加工更敏感和快速,并且对不同类型的违反有更精细的差异性反应     

近二十年我国中医药人才培养的知识图谱分析

基于CiteSpace对中国知网数据库2002—2021年的2687篇中医药人才培养文献进行发文量、作者、研究机构、关键词等数据分析。发现人才培养模式、学科建设、医教协同、教学改革等为热点内容。将中医药人才培养研究划分为改革发展、深化发展、创新发展三个阶段,热点集中在中医药人才培养的特色与价值引领、中医药人才培养模式的传承创新、中医药学科及专业建设的发展趋向、人才培养质量评价的价值趋向、人才培养机制的协同发展五个方面,提出强化传统文化与医学人文素质等隐形知识的培养、探索“医学+X”复合型拔尖人才培养道路等未来研究趋向。

     

我国中医学专业课程设置发展历程研究

课程设置对人才培养质量有重要的影响作用,通过文献研究,回顾中医高等教育自1956年起的课程设置情况,全面梳理了中医学专业五年制必修课程设置情况,分为艰难开拓、全面发展、医教协同创新发展三个阶段,对2012年以后设置的中医学专业“5+3”一体化和九年制必修课程设置情况也进行了分析探讨。结果发现,随着课程体系的不断改革,必修课学时数逐渐减少,兼顾学生个性需求,注重综合能力培养;中医类课程学时数相对减少,但仍占主要课程类别;课程体系建设重点由关注课程学时数量转向关注课程质量。