高中生正念与学习倦怠：基于自我调节学习模型的视角

基于自我调节学习模型的视角,探究正念对高中生学习倦怠的影响,采用正念注意觉知量表、生命意义感量表、津巴多时间洞察力问卷和青少年学习倦怠量表调查863名高中生。结果表明：（1）正念对高中生学习倦怠具有负向预测作用;（2）正念通过未来时间洞察力与生命意义感的独立中介作用及未来时间洞察力与生命意义感的链式中介作用间接影响学习倦怠。因此,正念可以负向预测高中生学习倦怠,提升未来时间洞察力与生命意义感可以缓解高中生学习倦怠,促进高中生身心健康。     

《中国科学技术史·年表卷》北宋部分医学内容再考

作为一部重要的年表类工具书,《中国科学技术史·年表卷》概述了北宋时期出现的医学重大事件、方书著作、医政制度等,绝大多数条目都附有引用文献,但其中部分内容偏离了历史史实,引用文献也屡现差错。通过查找相关原始文献、二手文献,重新辨析相关医学事件发生年代、书籍名称、作者姓名、官方医学教育、机构名称等方面的谬误,包括时代混淆、文字讹漏等。建议编撰时应尽可能地将相关古籍的不同版本搜集殆尽,从而比较其内容的文字差异性,并针对现代研究文献列出的数据,应尽量仔细核对其真实性。

     

中医“天人合一”蕴含的生态平衡机制研究

中医学吸收中华文化的核心观念—“天人合一”思想,获得从“关系”角度思考“天”与“人”的生态平衡机制的思想资源。研究中医“天人合一”生态平衡机制,需要分析天人之间的关联性、互动性和整体性关系,理解“天人”不是相互独立的元素,而是可以相互作用的,维持这种天人关系必须建立一种动态平衡机制,以达到“天人合一”整体和谐状态。深入剖析中医“天人合一”的生态学本质,从生态学角度挖掘中医“天人合一”中蕴含的生态平衡机制,以提高全社会的生态平衡意识和自我健康认知,更好地保护生态以提升人类健康生存能力。

     

金代医家张子和医学地位变迁与攻邪论学术史研究

金代医家张子和,精通汗、吐、下三法,开创攻邪派。在中国医学史上,张子和与刘完素、李东垣、朱丹溪并称为中医“金元四大家”。实际上,在历代有关中医“四大家”的历史书写演变历程中,张子和的医家地位并非一成不变,而是经历医学地位变迁的三个不同阶段。其医家地位变化脉络可概括为：医名盛于金元,淡于明清,名归于近代。在中医学术发展史上,自明代以及降,攻邪论逐渐淡出中医主流学术范畴,其学术传承脉络出现明显的断层现象。到了近现代,尽管张子和的医家地位重新回归中医“金元四大家”之列,但是攻邪论实际影响力仍旧式微。

     

民国时期广西霍乱与近代防疫卫生体系

民国时期霍乱在广西社会流行,呈现出前期低、中后期高、夏季高发、以区域经济中心向周边扩散的特点。政府组织了隔离消毒、报告疫情、检疫、疫苗接种、防疫宣传和清洁卫生、生产管理药品、出台法律法规、考核医务工作者等近代防疫手段,这在一定程度上保障了民生,遏制了疫情。然而,民众不配合防疫,政府处罚以示惩儆效果欠佳,也未形成有力的疫苗防疫屏障,环境卫生发展不平衡、甚至出现倒退现象,这表明政府应对霍乱存在局限性。在这个过程中,建立并逐渐完善了近代广西防疫卫生体系。

     

Grounded Theory methods in child psychotherapy research

This article considers the place of qualitative research in psychoanalysis and child psychotherapy. It discusses why research methodology for many years occupied so small a place in these fields, and examines the cultural and social developments since the 1960s which have changed this situation, giving formal but also qualitative methods of research much greater significance. It reflects on the different pressures to develop explicit research methods which arise both from outside the psychoanalytic field, as a condition of its continued professional survival, and from within it, where its main aim is the development of fundamental psychoanalytic knowledge. It suggests that the conduct of mainly quantitative research into treatment outcomes is largely a response to these external pressures, whilst the main benefits to be gained from the development of qualitative research methods, such as Grounded Theory, are in facilitating the knowledge-generating capacities and achievements of child psychotherapists themselves. The paper describes Grounded Theory methods, and explains how they can be valuable in the recognition of hitherto unrecognised meanings and patterns as these are made visible in clinical practice. Finally, it briefly describes three examples of completed doctoral studies, all of which have added significantly to the knowledge-base of child psychotherapy, and which demonstrate how much can be accomplished using this method of research.     

The making of an abuser

This paper investigates how it is that a child has become an abuser, and by what means that process may be deconstructed. We know that abusers generally have a childhood history of abuse, though not necessarily sexual. Since not all children who have been traumatised repeat those patterns, and inflict abuse on others, then something must have happened for these particular children in response to their abuse. The author elaborates the view that there is no such thing, to paraphrase Winnicott, as ‘an abused child’ – no such child, that is, separate from the world of the relationships that formed him. He draws on the conceptualisation by Bentovim of an interlocking set of roles described as a ‘trauma organised system’; this notion reflects the fact that the child is a product not just of his specifically traumatic experiences but of a milieu in which power and control is exerted by someone who has typically succeeded in neutralising any caring function in a family in order to bring about the exploitation of a child. Clinical material is presented from the intensive psychotherapy of a nine-year-old boy, who happened also to be a refugee, for whom abusive family dynamics dominated his internal world. He was found to have identified with the abuser, his own father, in order to escape the pain of his victim self and was threatening to act this out in the treatment, making the therapist into a victim. Management of the treatment setting by the inclusion of a benign parental figure enabled the acting out to be contained. Symbolisation of the child’s inner conflicts became possible through play. As the abuser self was contained so the child’s victim experiences could be processed. The conclusion is drawn that engaging therapeutically with the residues of trauma from the beginning of treatment is essential in working with young people who have abused.     

In DeFENCE of the In‐Group Historical Narrative in an Intractable Intergroup Conflict: An Individual‐Difference Perspective

Groups, particularly when immersed in an intractable intergroup conflict, place considerable value on protecting and defending their historical group narrative. However, some group members are more narrative‐protective than others. In Study 1, we introduce a new individual‐difference measure of motivation to achieve a Firmly Entrenched Narrative ClosurE (FENCE) and test it on several Israeli samples (N = 1132). In Study 2 (N = 120), we show that in‐group glorification, right‐wing political orientation, and right‐wing‐authoritarianism, but not attachment to the In‐group, nonspecific need for cognitive closure, or need for cognition, predict FENCE motivation and Behavioral Lack of Openness to Counternarratives (BLOC). In Studies 3 and 4, we show using international (N = 24) and Israeli (N = 78) samples that a belief in the zero‐sum nature of the conflict is related to FENCE and BLOC. In Study 5, we demonstrate that FENCE affects quality of recall of conflict information. The potential merit of FENCE in accounting for the variability among group members in protecting the group narrative is discussed.