Psychoanalysis is a two‐way street

The paper discusses psychoanalysis as a mutual exchange between the analyst and analysand. A number of questions are raised: What was Ferenczi's and the early psychoanalysts' contribution to the interpersonal relational dynamics of psychoanalytic treatment? Why did countertransference become an indispensable tool in relationship‐based psychoanalysis? Why is the transference‐countertransference dynamic seen as a special dialogue between the analyst and analysand? What was Ferenczi's paradigm shift in the trauma theory? How did he combine the object relation approach with Freud's original trauma theory? The paper illustrates through some case study vignettes the intersubjective and intrapsychic dynamic in the process of traumatization. We can look at countertransference as an indicator of the patient's basic interpersonal experiences and traumas. Finally the paper discusses countertransference in the light of attachment theory, connecting the early initiatives of inter‐relational approaches in psychoanalysis with recent research.     

On the Shoulders of Idiots: Re-thinking Science Communication as ‘Event’

Characterised by a shift from a diffusion to a deliberation model of science communication, the past decades have witnessed a proliferation of science communication formats. In order to better understand the complexity and novelty of these formats, we propose a ‘model of emergence’ that conceptualises science communication as an event in which the event itself, as well as the various actors that contribute to it, are emergent. To operationalise this model of emergence, we use Isabelle Stengers' figure of the idiot as an analytical tool which lets us interrogate our own implicit assumptions about science communication and the way they shape interactions in specific communication events. This makes it possible to be more sensitive to the ways in which we enable the emergence of particular identities and audience reactions, but also how we understand the role of science communicators themselves. A recent experiment with a science communication installation, ‘The Landscape of Expectations’, is used as an example that lets us trace how the ‘idiotic behaviours’ of visitors, which on one level make no sense, enable us to query presuppositions about the repertoire of behaviours available to the public and the assumed relations of power between experts and laypeople.     

Discrete changes in the frequency and functions of autobiographical reminiscence in Huntington's disease

ABSTRACT

Autobiographical memory is widely posited to serve self, social and directive functions. Recent evidence suggests marked autobiographical memory impairments in Huntington's disease (HD), however, no study to date has determined how the perceived functions of autobiographical reminiscence may be altered in HD. The current study aimed to assess the self-reported frequency and function of autobiographical reminiscence in HD. We assessed autobiographical reminiscence in late premanifest (n?=?16) and early stage HD (n?=?14), relative to healthy controls (n?=?30). Participants completed the Thinking About Life Experiences Scale Revised (TALE-R), which measures three putative functions of autobiographical memory (self, social, directive). People with manifest HD reported talking less frequently about the past compared to controls. In contrast, no group differences were found in terms of thinking about the past. Manifest HD participants further reported using their autobiographical memories for social functions less frequently compared to controls. No other group differences were evident in terms of self or directive functions of autobiographical memory. These self-report findings complement recent reports of autobiographical memory disruption on performance-based tasks in HD. Future studies exploring how changes in autobiographical reminiscence impact a sense of self continuity in HD will be important in this regard.     

本土化意义治疗法的建立及对晚期癌症患者治疗作用的初步评价

通过参考国内外的意义治疗研究并总结前期经验,构建了＂意义治疗三步骤法＂的本土化意义治疗方法.应用＂意义治疗三步骤法＂对符合要求的50名宁养院晚期癌症患者进行治疗,并于治疗前后分别应用生命态度剖面图量表和McGill生活质量问卷进行评估.经过治疗后,94%的患者能有效心灵沟通,患者治疗后的生命意义感和生活质量明显提高,焦虑和抑郁情绪明显改善.因而＂意义治疗三步骤法＂是一种有效的本土化意义治疗工具,值得进一步研究与临床推广应用.     

Implications of Technology for Social and Emotional Communication

Abstract

Communication technologies are transforming school psychology training and professional practices. To determine the effect of various communication technologies, this exploratory study contrasted three different communication modalities, including the receipt of messages via video, audio, and text. School psychology students were randomly assigned to those three conditions and asked to interpret the emotional intensity of a message conveyed in a case study concerning sexual and psychological abuse. Results showed different response patterns under the various conditions. Members of the group reading a text of the case study rated the emotional intensity as more extreme than did the members of the video and audio groups, both of whom had nonverbal affective information available to them. Practical implications for training and practice are discussed.     

医患交流中“重复”现象的会话分析

“重复”是话语研究的重要话题,分析医患交流中的重复可以体现出医患的地位与关系。参考会话分析研究方法,纳入了28篇真实场景下生殖医学诊所的医患和护患对话,对其中的“重复”现象进行了分析和解读。用ATLAS.ti定性分析软件对会话中的“重复主体”、“重复功能”等进行分级编码,呈现出各类重复在会话中的分布情况,再现了医生和患者所采用的不同重复类型。揭示了对话中医患双方之间的话语权以及知识不对等关系,并为改善医生和患者的言语沟通提出了相应的建议,以帮助双方更有效地开展交流、建立更好的医患关系。     

社会化媒体时代的医患关系沟通探索

社会化媒体是近年来迅速兴起的新型在线媒体,它从社会交往形式、信息获取方式、语言表达习惯等方面对人们的行为习惯产生了深刻影响。微博作为一种基于网络社会化媒体形式,在许多年轻医生中已经成为一种表达自我的重要平台。在这个平台上,医务人员进行科普教育,同时具有表达自我、舒解情绪的功能,社会化媒体也让医患双方具有平等的话语权,这种医患交流的平台有及时有效反馈信息的功能,具有较强的实效性和现场感,但也面临新的医学伦理问题。发挥社交网络中医患沟通的优势,改善医患关系是一个全新的挑战。     

现代社会中医患沟通视野下的医学涵义

现代社会派生出许多新生事物,对医学与医疗影响深远。其中,医患沟通作为当今中国医学界高度重视的新概念与新行为,与现代医学模式相吻合,引发出医患双方的共同目标——健康生存,进而推导出现代医学内涵及定义。     

Can including pros and cons increase the helpfulness and persuasiveness of online reviews? The interactive effects of ratings and arguments

One guideline given to online reviewers is to acknowledge a product's pros and cons. Yet, I argue that presenting two sides is not always more helpful and can even be less persuasive than presenting one side. Specifically, the effects of two- versus one-sided arguments depend on the perceived consistency between a reviewer's arguments and rating. Across a content analysis and three experiments that vary the information provided in the online review and whether the ratings are positive or negative, the results support these predictions. Furthermore, beliefs that the reviewer is able (vs. willing) to tell the truth mediated the effects.