BALANCING THE RIGHT TO HABILITATION WITH THE RIGHT TO PERSONAL LIBERTIES: THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES TO EAT TOO MANY DOUGHNUTS AND TAKE A NAP

In the pursuit of efficient habilitation, many service providers exercise a great deal of control over the lives of clients with developmental disabilities. For example, service providers often choose the client's habilitative goals, determine the daily schedule, and regulate access to preferred activities. This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of allowing clients to exercise personal liberties, such as the right to choose and refuse daily activities. On one hand, poor choices on the part of the client could hinder habilitation. On the other hand, moral and legal issues arise when the client's right to choice is abridged. Recommendations are offered to protect both the right to habilitation and the freedom to choose.     

ASSESSMENT OF STIMULI CONTROLLING THE REQUESTS OF STUDENTS WITH SEVERE MENTAL RETARDATION DURING A SNACK ROUTINE

This study assessed stimuli controlling requests during a snack routine after extensive request training with a delayed prompt procedure. During training sessions, one of three three-item snack groups was presented to 3 subjects with severe mental retardation. Assessment sessions involved (a) training conditions (all items were visible), (b) presenting two of three items from a particular group, or (c) presenting no items. One subject requested food items when no food items were present, 2 frequently requested a missing item when the two other items were visible, and all subjects requested visible items. Procedures for assessing stimulus control, such as those described in the current paper, should lead to a better understanding of the variables controlling behaviors that initially appear perplexing and unpredictable.     

TEACHING ADULTS WITH SEVERE AND PROFOUND RETARDATION TO EXIT THEIR HOMES UPON HEARING THE FIRE ALARM

Prompting, modeling, and differential reinforcement with client-chosen rewards were used to teach 3 nonverbal people with severe to profound mental retardation to exit their group homes at the sound of the house fire alarm, using a multiple baseline design. All 3 participants learned to exit independently in less than 2 min in all experimenter-initiated surprise fire drills and in the majority of staff-initiated surprise fire drills. Each participant was also able to exit from five areas of the house from which teaching was not done.     

弱智儿童自发性话语中的情感韵律研究

本文用提取声学参数的方法,采用故事讲述任务对弱智儿童自发性话语中的情感韵律进行研究。通过与两组典型儿童-实际年龄匹配组和语言能力匹配组进行比较,探究了弱智儿童自发性话语中情感韵律的表达情况。结果发现：（1）弱智儿童的情感韵律存在一定程度的损伤,在音高范围和元音时长上均有表现;（2）弱智儿童的情感韵律独立于词汇和句法,具有模块性。     

Reflections on special-care babies and their early experience

In this paper the author presents some ideas about rapprochement and reciprocity, and considers them in relation to the experience of special-care babies and their mothers. Psychoanalytic infant-observation is discussed in the context of the relationship between psychoanalysis and developmental psychology and its value as a method of research is explored. Observational research has contributed to the understanding of early mother-infant relationships, and in particular has highlighted the importance of reciprocity and fit. The crucial importance of this in relation to premature babies' early relationships is illustrated by the presentation of extracts from the observations of three mother-child pairs during their stay in a special-care baby unit.     

Predicting Desistance or Persistence in the Substance‐Abusing,Mentally Ill,Supervised Offender Population Using Laub and Sampson's (2001) Social Controls and Individual Factors Theory

This study investigated the relationship that social controls and individual factors have on the persistence rate in the substance‐abusing, mentally ill, supervised offender population (N = 886). The data predicted 83% of persistence.     

智障儿童空间参考框架的选择

采用Levinson的旋转实验,考察了智障儿童在空间任务中参考框架的选择。结果发现:(1)在非言语的空间操作任务中,智障儿童倾向于选择以观察者为中心的相对参考框架;(2)智障儿童的空间参考框架的选择倾向主要由他们的认知能力、语言能力、自我中心倾向以及习惯空间术语的影响导致。     

Quasi‐Experimental Single‐Subject Design: Comparing Seeking Safety and Canine‐Assisted Therapy Interventions Among Mentally Ill Female Inmates

This repeated measures quasi‐experimental study evaluated the effectiveness of 2 interventions, Seeking Safety and canine‐assisted therapy, with female prisoners with trauma histories on a mental health unit. Results indicate both are effective at reducing anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder.