Focusing on Educational Outcomes

National education goals, content standards, and national tests are the hot topics of the day in educational reform. Special services personnel eventually will be faced with these issues, and can either be part of the discussion from the beginning, or wait and have to deal with someone else's decisions. In this article, we highlight some recent national and state educational reform activities and their probable implications for students with disabilities. We explain in brief the impetus behind the thrust toward an outcomesbased approach to education, and summarize the response of the National Center on Educational Outcomes for Students with Disabilities to this push. Possible ways in which special service providers can act to influence the focus on outcomes are described.     

The Future of the Church as a Primary Health Place

ABSTRACT

There is a critical need for change in America's Health System, and religious organizations can facilitate not only the redefining of what health is but also the shaping of what the primary health services of the future should look like, function as, and be. The vision presented here is that the local parish or some extension of it be seen by the average citizen as a primary health place. The model proposed is that faith based living in community become the core health concept, defining what it means to be human and healthy become the core teaching, and that healing such that no illness need dominate become the goal. Within that context, health information, education, prayer, care, and support for most chronic illness, lifestyle change, and end of life concerns would begin at one's community of faith and only within that context to specially trained persons. This health system will compliment the sophisticated and complex acute medical care system that now exists.     

The Need for a Continuum of Trauma Services

Summary

Since September 2000, residents of Israel have experienced a prolonged period of terrorist attacks that shows no sign of abating. The ramifications of the ongoing trauma permeate every facet of life. Since existing services provided by government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are unable to meet the needs that have emerged, the Continuum of Trauma Services (CTS) was developed for victims of terrorist attacks, their families, friends, emergency and mental health professionals and the community at large. This article also describes the Israel Trauma Coalition and its interest groups, which may be seen as the embodiment of an evolving CTS.     

Service learning in custodial settings in South Africa

This study describes the findings of a community engaged service learning program in which nine female and three male students ranging between 22 and 31 years of age from a large South African university participated in a study conducted in two metropolitan areas of South Africa. They were all senior level students registered for Criminological Evaluation and Assessment, a practically-oriented module aimed at equipping students with the required knowledge and skills to conduct criminological assessments. The students voluntarily assisted correctional centres with the assessment of sentenced offenders and in the compilation of individualized Correctional Sentence Plans (CSP) to inform the rehabilitation process of offenders. Students reported their reflections on their service learning experiences using on-line interviews and with question prompts. Extracts from the thematic data analysis suggest students perceived themselves to be instrumental to the Department of Correctional Services in the fulfilment of its goals, while they benefitted from enhanced learning and social responsibility.     

医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务联动机制的实践研究

医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务联动对于构建和谐医患关系、提高医院的医疗服务水平和质量具有重要作用。从医务社会工作和医疗志愿服务的发展状况入手,对医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务联动的必要性、联动机制、策略和具体实践进行了探讨,提出要有针对性地采取相应的措施来提高联动的效果,如推进医务社会工作与医疗志愿服务的项目化的建设及建立医疗志愿者服务团队的激励机制。这些实践和探索为医疗机构创新和优化医疗服务模式提供了参考依据。     

医学化的权力与经济批判——从伊里奇到福柯

权力与经济是分析当代医学化现象的两个重要维度。医学不只是一种知识和技术,同时也是一种权力规范和经济活动,伊里奇和福柯都对此展开了分析,但是两者的方式与对策有所不同。伊里奇将医学化视为一种文化异化现象,并提出了一种文化主义的消除策略,福柯则将医学化视为权力体系和经济体系的一部分,从而提出了一种基于生命政治批判的反抗策略。两者的解决方案都具有局限性,但两者所开启的权力与经济批判以及对个体自主性的强调,有助于理解当代社会医学化的复杂性,也有助于将医学化批判置于整个社会危机的哲学反思之中。

     

人工智能应用于心理健康服务的相关问题思考

通过系统分析人工智能与心理健康服务的相关研究,对人工智能应用于心理健康领域的相关问题进行探讨。人工智能已经在数据收集、分析、建立模型、心理干预以及心理健康教育等方面有了较为成熟的发展,并具有适合特殊时期、便捷、减少污名化、缓解医疗压力和增加对精神疾病的全面认识等优势。同时,人工智能也可能带来一些问题,技术方面有算法偏差、缺乏专业技术人员和数据准确性等问题;伦理方面有污名化、责任归属、个人信息的保密性和公众的知情同意等问题。作为心理健康从业人员,我们应当积极适应并推动人工智能在心理健康领域的进一步发展。

     

“现代性”视域下的社会心理服务——基于齐美尔的理论——

社会心理服务受到的广泛关注体现了现代生活中的心理需求。齐美尔的“现代性”哲学理论指出, 理智功能、客观文化取得优势地位、社会关系弱化是“现代性”心性结构的三个主要特征。心理健康服务接纳“感性”,关注个体的“完整性”和重视人与人之间的关系,能够帮助现代人避免被技术、商品、劳动淹没,从而缓解现代社会生活引发的焦虑。同时,心理健康服务又必然受到现代社会的影响,故其所展现出的“批判性”又是有限的。

     

我国老年人居家医疗服务发展策略研究

采用SWOT-PEST分析模型,从政治、经济、社会、技术四个方面对当前老年人居家医疗服务开展的优势、劣势、机会与威胁进行分析。结果发现,老年人居家医疗服务深得政府的政策支持,人口老龄化、经济的平稳增长、教育的现代化等为居家医疗服务发展提供了契机,但是行业标准欠缺、医疗法律体系不健全、激励政策不完善等问题制约着其发展。针对上述问题,提出了四种发展战略,包括充分发挥优势作用、把握时代发展机遇的SO策略;把握机遇、扭转劣势局面的WO策略;发挥政策及自身优势、规避威胁的ST策略;努力克服劣势、积极面对威胁的WT策略。