新冠肺炎疫情期间心理热线服务的相关问题思考

通过系统分析心理咨询和心理热线服务的相关研究,探讨新冠肺炎疫情期间开展心理热线服务的优势与伦理问题。心理热线服务与传统的面对面咨询方式相比,具有受众范围广、保密性强、容易获得、来访者在咨询过程中注意力和控制感更强以及安全性更高等优势。疫情期间开展的心理热线服务的相关问题,主要包括四个方面:心理热线咨询师的资质认证;心理热线中的知情同意;心理热线的保密问题;心理热线的适用性。只有遵守伦理守则,才能更好地通过心理热线服务帮助他人。     

社会心理服务体系建设的应然与实然：基于全国12个试点地区的评估

社会心理服务体系建设是我国创新社会治理的重要举措,旨在解决社会心态培育和心理建设问题,并按心理规律开展社会治理。然而这一概念的“应然意涵”是否在全国各地的建设实践中得以贯彻,仍有待探讨。本研究收集了反映全国12个社会心理服务体系建设试点地区实际工作情况的网络文本资料,按照组织架构、工作模式等6个一级指标以及其下的23个二级指标,对资料进行编码以描述各地建设的“实然状况”。文本分析结果显示：（1）各试点地区社会心理服务体系建设的内容定位“心理健康”倾向严重;（2）社会心理服务整体上仅偏重“风险防控”工作;（3）社会心理服务与社会治理关系错位。总之,全国各地社会心理服务体系建设的“实然状况”与“应然意涵”之间存在较大差距。     

人工智能服务对消费者道德行为的双刃剑效应

随着人工智能产业的快速扩张, 多样化的人工智能(AI)服务应运而生。然而, 关于AI服务对消费者道德行为影响的研究尚显不足。本研究将道德心理学的理论引入AI服务营销领域, 旨在探讨AI服务对消费者道德行为的双刃剑影响及其心理机制和作用边界。研究从三方面展开: 第一, 依据道德双元性理论, 系统区分了AI服务对消费者倡导性道德行为和禁止性道德行为的差异化影响。第二, 基于道德判断双加工理论, 从认知和情绪两个维度, 揭示了AI服务影响道德行为的双刃剑效应及内在机制。第三, 从AI本身、消费者和道德行为三个方面研究了AI服务影响双元道德行为的边界条件。本研究成果将有助于提升消费者的福祉, 并为企业和公共部门制定针对性行为干预策略提供理论依据, 进而推动社会文明进步与数字经济的健康发展。     

基于社会网络理论的医疗非正式支付现象分析与启示

医疗非正式支付现象是医疗机构与社会深层次的原因共同造成的,并在医患双方互动过程中产生,受各种因素影响,是医疗卫生行业重点治理内容,同时也是医院行风建设重点防治对象。引入社会网络理论,从患者视角分析了网络规模、网络异质性、社会规范、社会信任对医疗非正式支付的影响,从医生视角分析了网络异质性和社会规范对医疗非正式支付的影响。基于医患双方社会网络各要件的角色与运行逻辑,提出对医疗非正式支付问题治理的建议：营造杜绝医疗非正式支付行为的就医氛围,构建和谐医患关系的网络生态环境,引导非正式支付转为医院公益基金,加强对医生的社会规范机制建设。

     

医患双方对关系就医认知的质性研究

为探究医患双方对于关系就医现象的认识,查阅相关文献资料,对苏州市某三级医院的24名医患人员开展访谈,通过分析后发现医患双方对于关系就医的看法即存在相似的观点也有不同的认识。以社会信任理论为基础,提出了关系就医现象产生的原因主要是由传统文化和医患信任两方面造成,结合宏观社会层面与微观个体层面分析关系就医产生的影响,关系就医一方面挤占有限的医疗资源、冲击医院管理秩序,另一方面使患者接近医学权威,营造良性医患互动。为了构建和谐就医环境,建议重塑医患信任、合理配置医疗资源和发挥陪诊服务功能。

     

Disruption of kinematic coordination in throwing under stress

The present study tested the conscious-control theory of the relationship between stress and performance. Performers under stress conditions consciously attempted to control their movements, disrupting the automaticity of control. Twenty-two male subjects (11 in Experiment 1 and 11 in Experiment 2) performed an underhand ball-throwing task using the non-dominant hand. The inter-trial variability of two kinematic measures was analyzed, namely arm-joint coordination during the throw and hand position at release (release point). Experiment 1 confirmed the validity of regarding these variability measures as indices of automaticity, as they did not vary in spite of resource shortage induced by a dual-task paradigm. In Experiment 2, in which stress led to a detriment in performance, the variability of joint coordination increased, whereas the release point became more fixed. These findings imply that throwing performance is impaired when the coordination is disrupted as a result of inflexible movement executed by conscious control.     

Do motor ability and handwriting kinematic measures predict organizational ability among children with Developmental Coordination Disorders?

Background and aimChildren with Developmental Coordination Disorders (DCD) exhibit deficient daily performance concealed in their perception–action mechanism. The aim of this study was to analyze behavior organization of children with DCD, in varied tasks that require generating and monitoring mental representations related to space and time inputs/requirements, for achieving better insight about their perception–action mechanism.MethodParticipants included 42 children aged 7–10, half of whom were defined with DCD and half were typically developing (TD). The children were matched for age, gender and school. They were evaluated using the Movement–ABC and performed three handwriting tasks on an electronic tablet that is part of a computerized system (ComPET – Computerized Penmanship Evaluation Tool). In addition, their teachers completed the Questionnaire for Assessing Students’ Organizational Abilities-Teachers (QASOA-T) to assess the children’s daily organizational ability.ResultsSignificant group differences (DCD versus controls) were found for all handwriting kinematic measures across the three handwriting tasks and for the children’s organizational abilities. Motor ability predicted a considerable percentage of the variance of the kinematic handwriting measures (30–37%), as well as a high percentage of the variance of their organizational abilities (67%). The coefficient of variance of the pen tilt added an additional 3% to the prediction of their organizational abilities.ConclusionsThe results of this study exhibited deficient ability among children with DCD in organizing their behavior in varied real-world tasks requiring generation and monitoring representation related to space and time. The significance of the results to understanding the performance mechanism and implication to the clinical field are discussed.     

Human hip–ankle coordination emerging from multisensory feedback control

Human sensorimotor control involves inter-segmental coordination to cope with the complexity of a multi-segment system. The combined activation of hip and ankle muscles during upright stance represents the hip–ankle coordination. This study postulates that the coordination emerges from interactions on the sensory levels in the feedback control. The hypothesis was tested in a model-based approach that compared human experimental data with model simulations. Seven subjects were standing with eyes closed on an anterior–posterior tilting motion platform. Postural responses in terms of angular excursions of trunk and legs with respect to vertical were measured and characterized using spectral analysis. The presented control model consists of separate feedback modules for the hip and ankle joints, which exchange sensory information with each other. The feedback modules utilize sensor-derived disturbance estimates rather than ‘raw’ sensory signals. The comparison of the human data with the simulation data revealed close correspondence, suggesting that the model captures important aspects of the human sensory feedback control. For verification, the model was re-embodied in a humanoid robot that was tested in the human laboratory. The findings show that the hip–ankle coordination can be explained by interactions between the feedback control modules of the hip and ankle joints.