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排序方式: 共有105条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Laura E. Wise John P. Harloe Aron H. Lichtman 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2009,92(4):597-601
It is well established that genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of the CB1 receptor disrupts extinction learning in aversive conditioning tasks, but not in appetitive tasks. Consistent with these findings is that genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the primary catabolic enzyme of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA), accelerates acquisition as well as extinction in aversive conditioning tasks. However, it is unknown whether FAAH blockade will affect acquisition in an appetitive conditioning task. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed FAAH (−/−) and (+/+) mice in appetitive and aversive Barnes maze conditioning procedures. Here we report that FAAH (−/−) mice displayed accelerated acquisition rates in an aversively-motivated, but not in the appetitively-motivated, Barnes maze task. The CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant attenuated enhanced acquisition in the aversive procedure, consistent with the idea that elevated AEA levels mediate this apparent nootropic effect. These findings support the hypothesis that stimulation of the endocannabinoid system enhances learned behavior in aversive, but not appetitive, conditioning paradigms. 相似文献
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William P. Paré Ph.D. Greg R. Blair Joseph Kluczynski Shanaz Tejani-Butt 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1999,34(4):227-241
While females are considered more susceptible to depressive behavior, this assertion is not strongly supported by the experimental
literature. Since stress contributes to depressive behavior, male and female Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to either
one session (acute stress) or 5 sessions (chronic stress) of restraint plus cold in order to study depressive behavior in
male and female rats. After their respective treatment exposure, rats were tested in the open field test (OFT) and for retention
of a passive-avoidance (P-A) task. One stress session resulted in significant immobility in the OFT for males, whereas 5 sessions
were required to produce similar immobility in female rats. Acute stress interfered with the retention of the P-A response
for males, while both acute and chronic stress produced poor P-A responses in female rats. Food consumption decresed, progressively,
as a function of stress sessions, in female rats, whereas feeding in males returned to control levels after five stress days.
Both acute and chronic stress exacerbated the stress ulcer response in male rats, but not in female rats. Chronic, but not
acute, stress resulted in an increase in serotonin transporter mRNA levels in the dorsal raphe nucleus of both male and, female
rats. The general consensus from these data suggested that female rats were more vulnerable to chronic stress and consequently
supported the notion that females may be more susceptible to stress induced behavioral depression. 相似文献
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The dentate gyrus (DG) is among the few areas in the mammalian brain where production of new neurons continues in the adulthood. Although its functional significance is not completely understood, several lines of evidence suggest the role of DG neurogenesis in learning and memory. Considering that long-term potentiation (LTP) is a prime candidate for the process underlying hippocampal learning and memory, these results raise the possibility that LTP and neurogenesis are closely related. Here, we investigated whether or not LTP induction in the afferent pathway triggers enhanced proliferation of progenitor cells in the DG. LTP was induced by tetanic stimulation in perforant path-DG synapses in one hemisphere, and the number of newly generated progenitor (BrdU-labeled) cells in the DG was quantified. Compared with the control hemisphere (stimulated with low-frequency pulses), the LTP-induced hemisphere contained a significantly higher number of newly generated progenitor cells in the dorsal as well as ventral DG. When CPP, an NMDA receptor antagonist, was administered, tetanic stimulation neither induced LTP nor enhanced progenitor cell proliferation, indicating that NMDA receptor activation, rather than tetanic stimulation per se, is responsible for enhanced progenitor proliferation in the control animal. Our results show that tetanic stimulation of perforant path sufficient to induce LTP increases progenitor proliferation in adult DG in an NMDA receptor-dependent manner. 相似文献
46.
Celia Goeldner Davids Reiss Jürgen Wichmann Brigitte L. Kieffer Abdel-Mouttalib Ouagazzal 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2009,91(4):393-401
The present study investigated whether the selective nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor agonist, Ro64-6198, impairs acquisition of fear conditioning through glutamatergic mechanisms. Systemic administration of Ro64-6198 (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) or the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg) prior to conditioning severely impaired contextual but not cued fear learning in C57BL/6N mice. When administered together at sub-effective doses, Ro64-6198 (0.5 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.05 mg/kg), synergistically impaired contextual fear learning, but left cued fear learning intact. We next used the immediate shock deficit paradigm (ISD) to examine the effects of Ro64-6198 and MK-801 on contextual memory formation in the absence of the foot-shock. As expected, naive mice that were shocked briefly after being placed in the training chamber displayed no contextual fear conditioning. This learning deficit was elevated by prior exposure of mice to the training context. Furthermore, administration of Ro64-6198 and MK-801, either separately at amnesic doses (1 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively) or concomitantly at sub-effective doses (0.5 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively) significantly reduced the facilitating effects of context preexposure. These findings demonstrate the existence of functional antagonism between NOP and NMDA receptors that predominantly contributes to modulation of conditioned fear learning which involves spatial-processing demands. 相似文献
47.
海马NMDA受体经SP-NK1受体通路参与慢性应激诱发的抑郁样行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨海马N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, NMDA)受体与P物质(Substance P, SP)及其神经激肽1 (neurokinin1, NK1)受体在慢性不可预见性温和应激(chronic unpredictable mild stress, CUMS) 中的作用及其关系, 通过建立CUMS动物模型, 大鼠海马微量注射给药, 测量大鼠体重, 并采用糖水偏爱测试、旷场实验和悬尾实验等方法对大鼠进行行为学检测, 运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析大鼠海马组织中SP和谷氨酸(glutamate, Glu)的含量变化。结果显示, CUMS诱发大鼠表现出明显的抑郁样行为, 海马组织中SP和Glu水平显著增加; 海马注射NMDA, 大鼠表现出与CUMS/SAL组相似的抑郁样行为, 且海马组织中SP的含量比正常对照组显著增加; 微量注射NK1受体阻断剂CP-96345和/或NMDA受体阻断剂MK-801后, 大鼠抑郁样行为明显改善, 且MK-801使CUMS导致的大鼠海马P物质水平升高得到明显控制, 而CP-96345没有明显改变CUMS引起的海马Glu水平升高; CP-96345使NMDA引起的抑郁样行为得到极显著改善。以上结果表明, 慢性应激引起大鼠海马Glu过量释放, 通过激活NMDA受体, 促进P物质合成释放增加, 激活NK1受体, 是导致抑郁样行为发生的重要途径之一。 相似文献
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Depression in early adolescence: Contributions from relational aggression and variation in the oxytocin receptor gene 下载免费PDF全文
Shauna C. Kushner Kathrin Herzhoff Suzanne Vrshek‐Schallhorn Jennifer L. Tackett 《Aggressive behavior》2018,44(1):60-68
50.
Nathan A. Kimbrel Sandra B. Morissette Eric C. Meyer Roberta Chrestman Robert Jamroz Paul J. Silvia 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(4):456-466
Background and Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and stress are significant problems among returning veterans and are associated with reduced quality of life. Design: A correlational design was used to examine the impact of a polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the serotonin transporter promoter gene on post-deployment adjustment among returning veterans. Methods: A total of 186 returning Iraq and Afghanistan veterans were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. Symptoms of PTSD, depression, general stress, and anxiety were assessed along with quality of life. Results: After controlling for combat exposure, age, sex of the participant, and race, 5-HTTLPR had a significant multivariate effect on post-deployment adjustment, such that S′ carriers reported more post-deployment adjustment problems and worse quality of life than veterans homozygous for the L′ allele. This effect was larger when the analyses were restricted to veterans of European ancestry. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that veterans who carry the S′ allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may be at increased risk for adjustment problems and reduced quality of life following deployments to war zones. 相似文献