心理干预在化疗患者中的应用

本研究针对化疗患者常见的恶心呕吐、烦躁不安等副作用．运用心理行为技术．采用病例对照研究方法,对129名化疗患者进行了比较研究。结果为：各项情绪指标和总的情绪状况以及恶心呕吐反应。干预组患者比对照组改善明显;生活质量各指标在组问和组内比较中,有不同程度的改善,角色、社会、认知功能和疼痛症状在两组比较中改善不明显。由此认为,对化疗患者实施恰当的心理行为技术．干预效果是明显的     

Strengthening the Capacity of Schools and Communities to Serve Students with Serious Emotional Disturbance

Target 2 of the National Agenda for Improving Results for Children and Youth with Serious Emotional Disturbance stipulates that communities and schools serve children and youth with emotional needs in their neighborhood homes and regular classrooms by developing the capacity of teachers, schools, and communities to provide supports and resources. This statement is partially based upon the idea that children and youth who are placed out-of-district for special needs and services are often alienated from their neighborhoods and their communities. The Westerly, RI, and Alliance, OH, school districts, service delivery agencies and families collaborated to implement system-wide change, so as to accomplish two main goals. First, they intended on retaining students with emotional needs in their neighborhood schools and in regular classrooms. Second, they aimed to increase their effectiveness in addressing the needs of all students by providing a range of integrated resources. Both communities were strongly driven by the underlying objective: to improve the educational, economic, and social outcomes for all children.     

The Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3): reliability and normative comparisons of eating disordered patients

The Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) is a measure of one’s endorsement of societal appearance ideals. The measure has received extensive evaluation in normative samples, but only minimal evaluation in clinical groups. In this study, 440 patients with eating disorders completed the SATAQ-3. Internal consistencies were excellent for the four SATAQ-3 subscales. Groups did not differ by diagnosis on the Information subscale, however, individuals with bulimia nervosa scored higher than individuals with both subtypes of anorexia nervosa (restricting and binge eating/purging) on levels of Internalization-General and Internalization-Athlete. The findings provide informative normative data, along with preliminary results indicative of the potentially greater role of media messages and images in the formation and/or maintenance of bulimia nervosa than anorexia nervosa.     

Post-stroke depression as a predictor of caregivers burden of acute ischemic stroke patients in China

Our aim was to explore the independent attribution of Post-stroke depression (PSD) to caregiver burden of acute ischemic stroke patients. A cross-sectional survey was performed with 271 acute ischemic stroke patients in the Huai-He Hospital and First People’s Hospital of Kaifeng City in China. PSD was assessed by Self-rating Depressive Scale, and caregiver burden was assessed by Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview. Clustered logistic regression was applied to identify the impact of PSD on caregiver burden. As results, female patients, normal muscle strength and PSD were associated with caregiver burden. PSD correlated with an independent influence of 17.2% on the risk of caregiver burden, The independent influence of PSD on caregiver burden was smaller than that of social-demographics of caregivers and clinical factors of stroke patients This study suggests that PSD may have a modest influence on caregiver burden.     

Ethical Challenges and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals Working With Family Caregivers of Individuals With Serious Mental Illness

Mental health professionals frequently work with family caregivers in the provision of psychotherapy services to individuals with serious mental illness. To address the need for ethical guidelines for working with family caregivers, an analysis of relevant ethical and legal issues is provided within the context of dynamic mental health care and legal systems. When working with family caregivers, practitioners utilize the American Psychological Association’s Ethics Code (2010), legal codes, and a complex decision-making plan; identify and communicate ethical obligations to family caregivers; consider the unmet needs of this population; avoid harm resulting from multiple relationships; and balance ethical duties of beneficence and respect for autonomy.     

Relationship between sleep disturbance,depression and anxiety in the 12 months following a cardiac event

We aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbance in a cardiac patient population over a 12-month period and assess its relationship with treatment adherence, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression. A total of 134 patients consecutively admitted to two Australian hospitals after acute myocardial infarction (31%), or to undergo bypass surgery (29%) or percutaneous coronary intervention (40%) were interviewed at six weeks and four and 12 months. Sleep disturbance was measured using a recode of the Beck Depression Inventory (v.2) item 16. Anxiety and depression were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Sleep disturbance was highly prevalent (69%) at 6 weeks but was not associated with 12-month psychological outcomes. Path analysis revealed that sleep disturbance at 4 months was, however, associated with reduced treatment adherence and self-efficacy, and higher anxiety and depression scores at 12 months. The high prevalence of sleep disturbance in this study and its association with psychological outcomes may have adverse prognostic implications and possibly impede cardiac rehabilitation efforts.     

Ethical and Professional Challenges Posed by Patients with Genetic Concerns: A Report of Focus Group Discussions with Genetic Counselors, Physicians, and Nurses

Ninety-seven physicians, nurses, and genetic counselors from four regions within the United States participated in focus groups to identify the types of ethical and professional challenges that arise when their patients have genetic concerns. Responses were taped and transcribed and then analyzed using the Hill et al. (1997, Counsel Psychol 25:517–522) Consensual Qualitative Research method of analysis. Sixteen major ethical and professional domains and 63 subcategories were identified. Major domains are informed consent; withholding information; facing uncertainty; resource allocation; value conflicts; directiveness/nondirectiveness; determining the primary patient; professional identity issues; emotional responses; diversity issues; confidentiality; attaining/maintaining proficiency; professional misconduct; discrimination; colleague error; and documentation. Implications for practitioners who deal with genetic issues and recommendations for additional research are given.     

Treating Depression in Older Medical Patients with Psychotherapy

This purpose of this paper is to discuss the effectiveness of psychotherapy for treating depression in older, primary care patients. This paper highlights the feasibility of implementing psychotherapy in primary care settings, patient preference for psychotherapy, and the utility of primary care versions of therapy in treating depression in older adults. The discussion is supported with examples from three ongoing research projects, specifically the San Francisco General Hospital Depression in Late Life Study, the Hartford Foundation/California Healthcare Foundation IMPACT study, and the NIMH PROSPECT study. The findings presented here support the value of offering psychotherapy as a treatment alternative in primary care medicine.