曼陀罗绘画疗法对负性情绪的调节效应

从使用结构曼陀罗和非结构曼陀罗的曼陀罗绘画疗法实证研究中,对绘画性质、结构、形状及绘画内容等因素对不同群体在负性情绪的效应进行对比分析,就曼陀罗绘画疗法对负性情绪的影响机制进行探讨,突出揭示了曼陀罗绘画疗法导致认知内部的深层变化,通过自我表达、自我发现和意义感来促进积极的心理效应,以及保护性、秩序感、整合性等治疗机制。未来需要确立统一规范的训练方法,通过更多的随机对照试验来验证不同形式曼陀罗绘画疗法在不同人群中的干预效果,减少研究中的混淆因素,以便更好地推动曼陀罗绘画疗法在情绪治疗中的发展。

     

任务聚焦性调节情绪线索在前瞻记忆中的作用：来自ERP的证据

为了探究前瞻记忆任务的聚焦性是否会调节情绪线索的作用,采用聚焦（实验一）和非聚焦（实验二）任务并利用ERP测量对此进行考察。ERP结果显示,在更依赖于知觉加工的聚焦任务中,引起概念加工倾向的积极线索会干扰记忆,引起知觉加工倾向的消极线索会促进记忆。在更依赖概念加工的非聚焦任务中,积极线索促进记忆而消极线索干扰记忆。说明任务聚焦性起调节作用,前瞻记忆的表现取决于任务需要的加工方式与个体对情绪线索的加工倾向之间的一致性。     

课程学习经历提升青少年社会参与素养：链式中介效应

运用基于学校的研究范式,以上海市某中学为样本学校,考察社会参与特色课程学习经历对青少年社会参与素养的影响机制。结果显示:（1）修学的特色课程门数（量）、情感体验（质）、公共服务动机和社会参与素养两两显著正相关;（2）情感体验和公共服务动机在课程学习数量和社会参与素养间发挥部分中介作用;（3）未发现基础课程成绩在链式中介中起调节作用。研究为通过加强课程情感体验进而提升青少年核心素养提供了积极启示。     

词汇的情绪效价对语义饱和效应的影响

词汇的语义饱和效应是指,多次重复感知或产生一个词汇时,主观上对该词汇的意义的暂时缺失现象。本研究通过两个实验考察了词汇的情绪效价对语义饱和进程的影响。实验1旨在探讨快速类别匹配范式是否可以用来考察语义饱和效应。本实验采用了与Tian和Huber（2010）实验中类似的材料,但排除了同一对刺激中正性和负性范例混合的情景。材料包括11个类别,每一类选择20个该类别的具体范例（如“蔬菜”类别下包括“土豆”、“茄子”等）,所有范例词汇都是双字词。每个被试完成11个任务组块。在每个组块中,有20个试次,其中10个试次是重复类别条件,另10个试次是非重复类别条件。一半的范例对来自同一类别（即匹配试次）,另一半由不同类别（即非匹配试次）的范例组成。24名大学生观看启动范例词（如“土豆”）和目标范例词（如“茄子”）,判断启动词和目标词是否来自同一个类别。结果显示,在第一个时间片段内（第2-4个试次）,重复条件的反应时显著快于非重复条件,而在第二段（第5-7个试次）和第三段（第8-10个试次）两者没有显著差异。这表明,在控制词汇情绪效价的情况下,快速类别匹配范式可以成功引起语义饱和效应。基于此,实验2采用快速类别匹配范式考察情绪效价对词汇语义启动效应进程的影响。72名被试被随机分为三组,分别使用正性、中性和负性词汇材料。对于每一种情绪效价,均选择了11个类别,如正性类别“花”和负性类别“疾病”。每一类别选择了20个双字词范例词汇。每一类别的实验设计和过程同实验1。结果表明,积极词的语义饱和效应出现在较晚试次中（第8-10个试次）,中性词的语义饱和效应出现在中间试次中（第5-7个试次）,而消极词则没有出现显著的语义饱和效应。该结果表明,词汇的情绪效价能调节语义饱和的时间进程。这提示,未来的语义饱和效应研究应该考虑实验材料的情绪效价。     

Worry and Sleep Length Revisited: Worry,Sleep Length,and Sleep Disturbance Ascribed to Worry

The author administered university students (N = 222; 152 women, 70 men) the Worry Domains Questionnaire (F. Tallis, G. C. L. Davey, & A. Bond, 1994) and a newly constructed scale (the Sleep Disturbance Ascribed to Worry Scale) to measure sleep disturbance attributed to worry. To revisit previous studies (i.e., E. Hartmann, F. Baekeland, & G. R. Zwilling, 1972; S. J. H. McCann & L. L. Stewin, 1988) that suggested that sleep length was positively related to worry, the author also asked the students a question about habitual sleep length. The results indicated that worry and sleep disturbance attributed to worry were negatively related to sleep length. A regression analysis revealed that worry was significantly negatively related to habitual sleep length irrespective of sleep disturbance ascribed to worry.     

Inclusion and Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders

Summary

This article presents a point/counterpoint approach to the issue of full inclusion of all students with emotional/behavioral disorders. To set the stage for the discussion that follows, the academic, social, and behavioral characteristics of these students pertinent to classroom performance are reviewed. The pros and cons of these four issues are then presented: (a) appropriateness of the general education curriculum for students with EBD; (b) social acceptance and other social competence issues; (c) mental health interventions and supports in general education settings; and (d) legality of full inclusion. Under the legality issue, case law on full inclusion pertaining to students with EBD is briefly reviewed. The basic premise of the authors who are full inclusion opponents is that a continuum of placements, including full-time placement in general education classrooms, should be preserved so that decisions about appropriate settings can be made on an individual basis. The basic premise of the author who is a full inclusion proponent is that, rather than maintaining two separate systems, we should direct our energies toward correcting the inadequacies of the general education classroom for the benefit of all students, including those with EBD.     

Therapeutic Implications of Religious-Related Emotional Abuse

Religion can play a positive role in preventing all types of abuse. Consequently, it is often difficult to believe that religion or a particular manner of religious awareness can also be conducive to the degradation and humiliation of individuals, and that it can be maneuvered to justify abusive behavior. In this article we discuss the emotional repercussions of religious-related abuse in the family, an aspect that is rarely documented in the field of psychotherapy, but has many negative consequences. Religious-oriented emotional abuse is traceable to several levels of human functioning: the individual's internal level of experiencing themselves, the interpersonal and systemic levels, where the individual enters relationships, as well as within the framework of the individual's relationship with God.     

Parent-rated socio-emotional development in children with language impairment in comparison with typically developed children

Children with language impairment (LI) and children with typical development (TD) were assessed by their respective parents using The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (Swedish version SECDI) and Greenspan Socio Emotional Growth Chart (GSEGC). The aim was to investigate socio-emotional and language development in children with LI and TD with respect to possible differential patterns and relations between the groups. The results highlight a clear association between language and socio-emotional development. Children with LI were rated similar to young language-matched children with TD, but significantly lower relative to age-matched TD children, particularly concerning symbolic stages of development: the use of linguistic symbols as well as related areas such as symbol play and symbolic mental ability. The results are discussed in light of presumable background factors and possible consequences for children or sub-groups of children with LI.     

Promoting emotional well-being through the use of humour

Humour skills programmes are believed to assist in improving emotional well-being by increasing self-efficacy, positive thinking, optimism and perceptions of control, while decreasing negative thinking, perceptions of stress, depression, anxiety and stress. The study aims to evaluate a programme investigating this possibility. Volunteers from the community (37 females and 18 males, aged M?=?38 years) were randomly assigned to a humour group, a social group or a non-intervention control group. The programme, consisting of a manual and a booklet of measures assessing indices of well-being, was administered over an 8-week period. Data were collected at baseline, post programme and at 3-month follow-up. Results revealed that unlike the control and social groups, the humour group demonstrated a significant increase in several indices of emotional well-being. Specifically, increases occurred with self-efficacy, positive affect, optimism and perceptions of control, while decreases were found in perceived stress, depression, anxiety and stress levels.     

Creating Comprehensive and Collaborative Systems

To improve outcomes for children and youth with serious emotional disturbance and their families, we need to create comprehensive and collaborative systems to promote systems change resulting in the development of coherent services built around their individual needs. These services should be family-centered, community-based, and appropriately funded. Unfortunately, barriers to understanding and operationalizing this level of collaboration persist, which challenges the aims of parents, practitioners, policy makers, and others to provide efficient and effective services to these students. I explore the seventh strategic target of the National Agenda for Achieving Better Results for Children and Youth with Serious Emotional Disturbance; provide examples of collaboration that relate to the National Agenda's other six strategic targets; and briefly discuss the present opportunities for and challenges to collaboration.