Evaluating dialectical structures with Bayesian methods

This paper shows how complex argumentation, analyzed as dialectical structures, can be evaluated within a Bayesian framework by interpreting them as coherence constraints on subjective degrees of belief. A dialectical structure is a set of arguments (premiss-conclusion structure) among which support- and attack-relations hold. This approach addresses the observation that some theses in a debate can be better justified than others and thus fixes a shortcoming of a theory of defeasible reasoning which applies the bivalence principle to argument evaluations by assigning them the status of being either defeated or undefeated. Evaluation procedures which are based on the principle of bivalence can, however, be embedded as a special case within the Bayesian framework. The approach developed in this paper rests on the assumptions that arguments can be reconstructed as deductively valid and that complex argumentation can be reconstructed such that premisses of arguments with equivalent conclusions are pairwise independent.     

BTL—QZ—V1．1气质测试系统的修订

修订BTL-QZ-V1．1气质测试系统。对519名12—21岁男女学生进行了测量。结果发现：神经系统特性具有年龄差异,随年龄增长兴奋性、抑制性增强,灵活性、稳定性增高;12～14岁是其快速增长期,14～18岁为慢速增长期,18岁后为稳定期;神经系统的兴奋性、抑制性具有性别差异,男生强于女生;可将气质类型划分为10种,年龄和性别不影响气质类型的分布;除灵活性外,神经系统兴奋性、抑制性和稳定性的重测信度系数在0．6～0．8之间,且达到显著性水平;以80·8神经类型量表为效标,所得相关系数达中等程度。提示BTL-QZ-V1．1气质测试系统的评定需按年龄和性别分组进行,建立的分组标准较为准确科学,信度、效度较高,可以广泛应用。     

自闭症谱系障碍儿童心理测评的回溯与探索

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童是一群已引起高度关注的群体,因其兼具社会发展、人际交流障碍等于一身,更因其中大部分儿童还伴有认知,言语发展和情绪障碍,对其进行心理测评是一个极为艰巨和重要的课题.本文从诊断性、认知性和教育干预三个方面对ASD儿童的心理测评进行了述评.同时还阐述了在此基础上建构"会聚式"、"分层式"和"分类式"ASD儿童心理测评体系之构想.     

Communication and Cognition: The Social Beyond Language,Interaction and Culture

Cognition theories describe the social with terms like language, interaction or culture, whose theoretical status has also been discussed in modern sociology. These concepts are not well-positioned to understand the emergence and autonomy of social orders. Sociological theory of self-referential systems can be useful to reconstruct the bottom-up process which contributes to the emergence of the social as communication as well as to describe the way in which society exerts downward causation upon cognitive phenomena. The core of this theory is the systemic category of meaning as a shared horizon for psychic and social systems.     

从系统论看肿瘤的生物靶向性治疗

肿瘤的生物靶向性治疗是恶性肿瘤治疗的新方法,其试图通过在基因水平上调节与肿瘤发生、发展有密切联系的生命物质来达到治愈肿瘤的目的。但临床运用中,生物靶向性治疗的疗效与我们的想象相去甚远。本文运用系统论的观点,分析目前生物靶向性治疗中存在的问题及寻求可能解决的方法。     

老年疾病按病种付费研究

以沧州市7所医疗机构的290名住院患者的医疗费用为研究对象,利用统计学中的中位数和P25和P75两个百分位数测算出了医疗费用的平均水平、参考值范围,利用逐步回归分析探索住院费用的影响因素。应根据年龄、住院天数、入院时情况等是影响住院费用的关键因素开发DRGS付费系统;采取必要的措施降低住院天数和术前住院天数。     

新型农村合作医疗制度创新测度指标体系研究

为了对新型农村合作医疗制度创新状况进行客观、准确的测度,在汲取有关公共服务创新理论的基础上,结合新型农村合作医疗制度创新状况,探索构建新型农村合作医疗制度创新测度指标体系,以促进新型农村合作医疗绩效的提高。     

脑室系统血管畸形的诊断与治疗

为了增强对脑室系统的血管畸形的认识,回顾性总结24例脑室系统的血管畸形的基本临床资料。结果显示,除1例静脉畸形外,其余23例均接受手术,21例全切,2例部分切除,病理证实海绵状血管瘤13例,AVM10例,其中死亡1例。提示脑室系统血管畸形发病率低,出血及脑积水多见,手术切除是海绵状血管瘤和AVM的最佳选择,而静脉畸形应予保留。     

“人体器官移植工作体系”框架的初步构想及其伦理使命

借鉴国内外相关成功经验,结合我国实际情况,对“人体器官移植工作体系”的构成以及各系统职能进行初步探讨。研究了该体系在阻止人体器官商业化、提高人体移植器官分配的公平高效性等方面发挥的作用。     

艾滋病人心理问题的探讨及其应对策略

我国艾滋病患者持续上升。艾滋病不仅损害了人们的躯体健康,也同时损害了人们的心理健康,引发心理危机。观察300例患者发现：抑郁症41．3％、焦虑症31．4％、报复心理20．0％、麻木8．3％。艾滋病的防治不仅仅是治疗肌体病痛的问题,还应该治疗患者的心理问题。因此运用系统论对艾滋病人心理问题中的相关问题进行探索和剖析,动员患者及全社会行动起来,才能达到对艾滋病的有效控制。