Perception and action: On the praxial structure of intentional consciousness

Progressively Husserl started referring to the whole sphere of the life of intentional acts in terms of praxis. Perception, imagination, judgement, scientific consciousness, etc., are all seen as practices. What is the meaning of this move? A seemingly self-evident possibility is that intentionality is praxial, because even perception is not completely free from empty intending moments that demand fulfilment; and all fulfilment is attained by means of bodily activities that enable our senses to acquire the relevant contents. I reject this approach as insufficient and misguided. I argue that perception and intentionality in general is praxial because consciousness, in all of its constituting syntheses, is or becomes organized as a practice-structure. Intentional consciousness organizes its contents according to rules so as to accomplish the evident or true givenness of its intended correlates.     

家庭医生获得感概念框架及评价模型的构建

通过文献综述和专家咨询的方法构建家庭医生获得感概念框架和评价模型。研究将家庭医生获得感界定为在家庭医生签约服务制度下,家庭医生基于客观获得而产生的主观情绪体验和情感反应的综合感受,构建以获得内容、获得体验、获得途径、获得环境、获得共享五个维度的家庭医生获得感概念框架,并结合相关获得感研究编制家庭医生获得感评价模型,包括5个一级指标、13个二级指标、39个三级指标,为家庭医生获得感研究提供参考。

     

书写人文医学方法论研究新篇章——关于人文医学实证方法的几点思考

实证方法在人文医学研究中占有重要地位。狭义实证方法的特征是用统计计量方法对数据进行处理和分析。广义实证方法通过非计量的研究手段揭示研究对象的实证元素。实证方法和非实证方法在人文医学研究中的适应域具有差异性。人文医学因研究对象的特征具有部分非实证性。实证方法运用的规范化是人文医学方法论研究中的重要问题。     

厌恶加工的神经基础

厌恶是由令人不愉悦、反感的事物诱发的情绪。根据刺激类型的不同, 厌恶可以分为不同的类型。脑岛和基底节是厌恶加工的主要脑区, 前扣带回、杏仁核、丘脑、内侧前额叶也参与厌恶加工。对已有研究的总结发现, 不同类型的厌恶、不同感觉通道的厌恶加工可能具有不同的神经基础。在未来的研究中, 应当注重研究厌恶加工的认知机制、神经基础以及与厌恶相关的神经递质等问题。     

Sense of community in a remote mining town: Validating a Neighborhood Cohesion scale

Psychometric properties and determinants of Buckner's Neighborhood Cohesion Index (NCI) have previously been reported for 206 individuals from three Washington, DC suburbs. This study analyses the properties and determinants of the scale for 1182 mine workers in Elliot Lake, a remote Canadian single-industry town. Data were collected through in-person interviews. The scale in the Elliot Lake sample was highly reliable (α=.91) and the Elliot Lake and Washington NCI item-total scale correlations were similar. Multiple regression found income and education related significantly negatively and years in neighborhood and home ownership significantly positively to NCI with coefficients comparable to those Buckner found in Washington. However, additional significant positive predictors of NCI were home equity, length of home ownership, and the presence of both pre-school-age and school-age children in the home, whereas a significant negative predictor was poor health. The NCI thus appears to be stable across societies, and shows systematic relationships with background variables. Home equity, duration of home ownership, children and health were significant predictors of NCI in our larger Canadian sample. This paper is based on data from the Elliot Lake Tracking Study. We are eager to acknowledge the contribution of our collaborators, David Leadbeater and Peter Suschnigg, in designing the study and collecting the data. We take full responsibility for our conclusions. Funding for the study has been provided by the Laurentian University Institute for Northern Ontario Research and Development, The Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, and the Elliot Lake Job Creation Fund.     

Psychological Dysfunction in Southeast Asian Refugees as Mediated by Sense of Coherence

Investigated Antonovky's (1979, 1987) construct of sense of coherence (i.e., an individual's belief that the world was comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful) as the internal psychological mechanism mediating the effects of external stressors (generalized resistance deficits) and resources on psychological dysfunction (measured by depression, anxiety, and psychosocial dysfunction) in 2,234 Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, Hmong, and Chinese-Vietnamese refugees. Generalized resistance and deficits significantly predicted sense of coherence as well as psychological dysfunction. The amount of variance accounted for increased significantly when the mediating effect of sense of coherence was tested using a path analysis. Sense of coherence significantly reduced the predictive power of generalized resistance and deficits in the psychological dysfunction models. Results support the hypothesized mediating role of sense of coherence. Thus, interventions aiming to enhance Southeast Asian refugees' functioning may gain in effectiveness by targeting and promoting their sense of coherence.     

儿童心理一致感量表中文版的心理测量学特征分析

以1306名小学生为研究对象,对儿童心理一致感量表(CSOC)中文版的心理测量学特征进行分析,并考察小学阶段儿童心理一致感发展的特点.研究结果表明,CSOC中文版量表具有较好的项目鉴别力、内部一致性和稳定性;探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析的结果表明CSOC中文版量表由一致感和不一致感两个因素构成,心理一致感总分与孤独感呈显著负相关;方差分析结果表明,小学儿童心理一致感发展存在显著的性别和年级差异.儿童心理一致感量表中文版具有较好的信效度,可以作为测量中国儿童心理一致感水平的有效工具.     

青少年心理一致感水平及其与应付方式的关系

本研究以265名高中生为被试,探讨青少年心理一致感发展的特点以及与应付方式的关系。研究结果表明,(1)被试在心理一致感发展水平上存在显著的年级差异;(2)三个年级被试的应付方式存在显著的差异;(3)被试心理一致感水平与问题解决、求助两种应付方式存在显著的正相关;(4)被试心理一致感水平与自责、幻想、退避、合理化四种应付方式存在显著的负相关。高心理一致感个体在压力调节上倾向于采用成熟而积极的应付方式。本研究从压力应对的过程角度分析心理一致感与应付方式之间的关系。     

3~6岁儿童数感发展的研究

从上海两所中等水平幼儿园以年龄班分层随机抽取180名3~6岁儿童为被试,采用个别测查法考察其数感发展状况。结果表明:(1)3~6岁儿童的数感发展存在显著年龄差异,无性别差异;(2)顺数、实物比较和数符号辨认是其表现较好的三项技能,而倒数和序数却表现较差;(3)数感各组成部分发展不同步,倒数,序数和数符号在中班到大班期间发展迅速,而顺数,基数概念,加减理解却在小班到中班期间发展较快。