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201.
Monima Chadha 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2018,96(1):14-27
The Abhidharma Buddhist revisionary metaphysics aims to provide an intellectually and morally preferred picture of the world that lacks a self. The first part of the paper claims that the Abhidharma ‘no-self’ view can be plausibly interpreted as a no-ownership view, according to which there is no locus or subject of experience and thus no owner of mental or bodily awarenesses. On this interpretation of the no-self view, the Abhidharma Buddhist metaphysicians are committed to denying the ownership of experiences, and thereby apparently obliged to explain our purported experience of ownership. My experiences seemingly come with the sense that I am the one who is undergoing this experience. But is there a really an experience of ownership—namely, an experience of being a subject that underlies our sense of ownership? I argue that there is nothing that it is like to be an owner of experiences, in the sense that there is no experiential phenomenology associated with the ownership of experience. The second part of the paper argues that, since there is no experience of ownership, there is no onus on the Abhidharma philosopher to give an explanation of the sense of ownership. 相似文献
202.
The degree of cohesion and support within families has often been considered a predictor of students' effort-investment and success in school. The objectives of this study are to examine the roles of personal factors (i.e., sense of coherence and hopeful thinking) as well as interpersonal factors (i.e., loneliness) in mediating the relationship between family cohesion and effort. The sample consists of 1719 elementary school children (781 boys and 938 girls) from the fifth and six grades (mean age = 10.25, SD = 0.70) of 29 elementary schools in central Israel. Students answered study questionnaires in the middle of their academic year. Analyses utilizing hierarchical multiple regression and Hayes' bootstrapping approach (PROCESS; Preacher & Hayes, 2008) were used. The results support the distinctive contribution of family cohesion and the mediating roles of sense of coherence and hope (as protective factors) as well as loneliness (as a risk factor) in predicting students' school effort. This study has important educational implications, emphasizing the value of promoting hopeful thinking and coping with loneliness in helping students to thrive in their studies. 相似文献
203.
The present study explores the relationship between guilt, sense of control, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Seventy-eight participants who had experienced a traumatic event completed the following self-report measures online: the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, the Guilt Cognitions subscale of the Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory, the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory, and Sense of Control During the Trauma. Results revealed that “behavioral self-blame” that refers to functioning during the trauma, positively correlated with posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, when Sense of Control During the Trauma was introduced into the analysis, this correlation appeared only for participants who had experienced lack of control during the traumatic event. Among the participants who had experienced a sense of control, no such link was found. Results suggest that guilt may be produced to avoid feelings of helplessness following the trauma, because guilt conveys a sense of control. 相似文献
204.
医学为什么会愈加凸现人文意义 总被引:18,自引:3,他引:15
从医学的特殊性所包含的丰富的人文价值。弘扬人文精神对医学科技正确发展的作用,论述了注重医学发展中凸现人文意义的原因。 相似文献
205.
206.
Cirino PT 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2011,108(4):713-733
This study evaluated the interrelations among cognitive precursors across quantitative, linguistic, and spatial attention domains that have been implicated for math achievement in young children. The dimensionality of the quantity precursors was evaluated in 286 kindergarteners via latent variable techniques, and the contribution of precursors from each domain was established for small sums addition. Results showed a five-factor structure for the quantity precursors, with the major distinction being between nonsymbolic and symbolic tasks. The overall model demonstrated good fit and strong predictive power (R2 = 55%) for addition number combinations. Linguistic and spatial attention domains showed indirect relationships with outcomes, with their effects mediated by symbolic quantity measures. These results have implications for the measurement of mathematical precursors and yield promise for predicting future math performance. 相似文献
207.
J?rg-Tobias Kuhn Heinz Holling 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(2):59-67
Research on the improvement of elementary school mathematics has shown that
computer-based training of number sense (e.g., processing magnitudes or locating
numbers on the number line) can lead to substantial achievement gains in
arithmetic skills. Recent studies, however, have highlighted that training
domain-general cognitive abilities (e.g., working memory [WM]) may also improve
mathematical achievement. This study addressed the question of whether a
training of domain-specific number sense skills or domain-general WM abilities
is more appropriate for improving mathematical abilities in elementary school.
Fifty-nine children (Mage = 9 years, 32 girls and 27
boys) received either a computer-based, adaptive training of number sense
(n = 20), WM skills (n = 19), or served as
a control group (n = 20). The training duration was 20 min per
day for 15 days. Before and after training, we measured mathematical ability
using a curriculum-based math test, as well as spatial WM. For both training
groups, we observed substantial increases in the math posttest compared to the
control group (d = .54 for number sense skills training,
d = .57 for WM training, respectively). Whereas the number
sense group showed significant gains in arithmetical skills, the WM training
group exhibited marginally significant gains in word problem solving. However,
no training group showed significant posttest gains on the spatial WM task.
Results indicate that a short training of either domain-specific or
domain-general skills may result in reliable short-term training gains in math
performance, although no stable training effects were found in the spatial WM
task. 相似文献
208.
子女罹患精神分裂症对父母是巨大的冲击,本研究采用解释现象学研究方法,对武汉市某精神卫生中心病房住院治疗的6例未婚精神分裂症患者的父母进行深入访谈、现场录音和笔录,并分析资料。结果显示未婚精神分裂症患者住院期间控制感是父母的核心情绪体验,当失去控制感时,家属会体验到恐惧、焦虑、愤怒、自责,乃至抑郁,而当具有控制感时,家属则会体验到放松。提示专业人员在临床工作中需要考虑增强患者家属的控制感,这样可以促进家属的参与性,乃至增加患者的依从性。 相似文献
209.
《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2013,66(11):2110-2124
This paper addresses the relationship between basic numerical processes and higher level numerical abilities in normal achieving adults. In the first experiment we inferred the elementary numerical abilities of university students from the time they needed to encode numerical information involved in complex additions and subtractions. We interpreted the shorter encoding times in good arithmetic problem solvers as revealing clearer or more accessible representations of numbers. The second experiment shows that these results cannot be due to the fact that lower skilled individuals experience more maths anxiety or put more cognitive efforts into calculations than do higher skilled individuals. Moreover, the third experiment involving non-numerical information supports the hypothesis that these interindividual differences are specific to number processing. The possible causal relationships between basic and higher level numerical abilities are discussed. 相似文献
210.
Distortions of body image have often been investigated in clinical disorders. Much of this literature implicitly assumes healthy adults maintain an accurate body image. We recently developed a novel, implicit, and quantitative measure of body image — the Body Image Task (BIT). Here, we report a large-scale analysis of performance on this task by healthy adults. In both an in-person and an online version of the BIT, participants were presented with an image of a head as an anchoring stimulus on a computer screen, and told to imagine that the head was part of a mirror image of themselves in a standing position. They were then instructed to judge where, relative to the head, each of several parts of their body would be located. The relative positions of each landmark can be used to construct an implicit perceptual map of bodily structure. We could thus measure the internally-stored body image, although we cannot exclude contributions from other representations. Our results show several distortions of body image. First, we found a large and systematic over-estimation of width relative to height. These distortions were similar for both males and females, and did not closely track the idiosyncrasies of individual participant's own bodies. Comparisons of individual body parts showed that participants overestimated the width of their shoulders and the length of their upper arms, relative to their height, while underestimating the lengths of their lower arms and legs. Principal components analysis showed a clear spatial structure to the distortions, suggesting spatial organisation and segmentation of the body image into upper and lower limb components that are bilaterally integrated. These results provide new insight into the body image of healthy adults, and have implications for the study and rehabilitation of clinical populations. 相似文献