Stimulus timing by people with Parkinson's disease

Previous literature suggests that Parkinson’s disease is marked by deficits in timed behaviour. However, the majority of studies of central timing mechanisms in patients with Parkinson’s disease have used timing tasks with a motor component. Since the motor abnormalities are a defining feature of the condition, the status of timing in Parkinson’s disease remains uncertain. Data are reported from patients with mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease (both on and off medication) and age- and IQ-matched controls on a range of stimulus timing tasks without counting. Tasks used were temporal generalization, bisection, threshold determination, verbal estimation, and a memory for duration task. Performance of patients was generally “normal” on all tasks, but significant differences from performance of controls were found on the memory for duration task. Among the “normal” effects noted were arithmetic mean bisection, asymmetric temporal generalization gradients, and subjective shortening on the memory for duration task. The results suggest (a) that some previous reports of timing “deficits” in Parkinson’s patients were possibly due to the use of tasks requiring a timed manual response and (b) small differences between patients and controls may be found on tasks where two stimuli are presented on each trial, whether patients are on medication or off it.     

短时距标量计时模型的建构研究

采用预期式研究范式,创造性地使用单任务研究程序,从心理物理学的视角,通过六个实验系统地考查了影响被试短时距(6s至24s)估计的标量特性和物理、心理和生理的信息源因素.深入探讨了注意、激活、间断和间断期望效应因素对时间估计行为的影响及时序信息的动态加工过程.在此基础上,包含时钟、累加、记忆和比较四个动态加工过程的短时距标量计时模型得以建构.     

不同数学焦虑成人的算术策略运用差异：ERP研究

采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术和选择/无选法范式, 在两位数加法心算和估算中, 探索高、低数学焦虑个体的算术计算策略运用及其内在机制。行为结果：数学焦虑效应在策略运用的反应时和正确率指标上的差异都不显著; 而脑电结果：高数学焦虑个体的N400波幅显著高于低数学焦虑个体; 选择条件中, 估算与心算的数学焦虑效应的N100波幅差异; 无选条件中, 高低数学焦虑个体N1-P2复合波的波幅和潜伏期差异显著。数学焦虑效应在策略编码(0~250 ms)和策略选择/执行阶段(250 ms之后)存在差异。     

多级评分计算机化自适应测验动态综合选题策略

多级评分可以提供更多关于被试的信息, 是计算机化自适应测验的一个发展方向, 选题策略是计算机化自适应测验的研究重点。对于多级评分的等级反应模型, 本文拟用区间估计的思想改进近期提出的几种选题策略, 并且将两级评分b-STR和a-STR推广到多级评分以改进最大信息量选题策略。Monte Carlo模拟实验表明在达到或接近原有选题策略测验精度的基础上, 本文提出的几种新选题策略有的能够有效降低测验长度, 有的可以极大降低项目曝光率。     

注意在时间知觉中的作用及其理论模型

时间知觉是指对刺激的同时性、时间顺序和持续性的认知加工, 表现为时距和时序两个方面。注意机制可以解释实际时间和主观时间之间的差异：注意的增强会延长对时距的估计, 受注意的刺激会被知觉为提早出现。相关的注意理论模型有AGM模型, 系统仿真模型和AUM模型。未来需关注神经科学方面的证据, 进一步推动时间知觉脑机制和跨通道信息整合的研究。     

Müller-Lyer图形中长度加工与时距估计的关系

采用复制法,考察Müller-Lyer错觉条件下,长度加工与时距估计的关系。实验1和实验2分别采用实线段和空线段,结果发现,图形的客观长度越长,估计的时距越长;箭头朝向造成的主观长度错觉对时距估计无影响;时距对长度判断的影响较小。实验3进一步操作线段长度和箭杆方向,发现长度错觉不影响时距估计与错觉量的大小无关。研究表明刺激的客观长度与时间在心理表征上存在自动化的联结,也受到刺激、实验方法和时距等因素的影响。     

回溯式时距估计年龄差异的实验研究

采用回溯式时距估计的实验范式,以9s为目标时距,采用加工深度作业,考察时距估计的年龄差异。结果表明年老组比年轻组显著高估目标时距,而加工深度作业并没有影响时距估计作业。回溯式时距估计的年龄差异可能与年老被试较慢的加工速度或更快的遗忘率有关,其原因可能在于年老被试加工资源的减少。     

六年级儿童的估算水平与策略

借鉴Lemaire与Siegler提出的儿童认知策略的一般概念框架,运用自编的估算题目对210名小学六年级儿童的估算能力进行了初步分析。结果表明;小学六年级儿童具有一定的估算能力,只是所给估算答案明显受到数字类型和运算规则的交互影响;他们会运用多种估算策略,但各种策略的使用频率、执行速度和准确性都存在明显差异。文章还对儿童估算策略的评估做了深入讨论。     

CDF‐quantile distributions for modelling random variables on the unit interval

This paper introduces a two‐parameter family of distributions for modelling random variables on the (0,1) interval by applying the cumulative distribution function of one ‘parent’ distribution to the quantile function of another. Family members have explicit probability density functions, cumulative distribution functions and quantiles in a location parameter and a dispersion parameter. They capture a wide variety of shapes that the beta and Kumaraswamy distributions cannot. They are amenable to likelihood inference, and enable a wide variety of quantile regression models, with predictors for both the location and dispersion parameters. We demonstrate their applicability to psychological research problems and their utility in modelling real data.     

The colour red affects time perception differently in different contexts

Previous studies have found that psychological and behavioural functions of the colour red vary according to context. In this research, we used the verbal estimation paradigm to determine if the colour red affects individuals' perception of interval duration. In our results, perceived duration was shorter in a red condition than in a blue one; additionally, only in the red condition, perceived duration was shorter in an online dating context than in an online interviewing context. The contribution and limitations of this study and future research directions are discussed.