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71.
Robert Biswas-Diener 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2006,7(3):293-310
Recently, psychologists have begun to shift their research attention to positive topics historically overlooked by the profession.
The study of character strengths is a major research interest of positive psychologists. A classification of 24 character
strengths, called the Values in Action (VIA) Classification, has recently been developed, and the current study evaluates
these character strengths across cultures. Among 123 members of the Kenyan Maasai, 71 Inughuit in Northern Greenland, and
519 University of Illinois students, we found high rates of agreement about the existence, desirability, and development of
these strengths of character. Despite these strong similarities, there were differences between and within cultures in terms
of gender, the perceived importance of specific strengths (such as modesty), and the existence of cultural institutions that
promote each strength. 相似文献
72.
In this paper, we discuss an approach to ‘design for wow’ that focuses on the emotions that constitute a wow-experience. In
this approach, the eliciting conditions of these emotions are used to define a product character with a high wow-impact. In
addition to the approach, a measurable wow-index is introduced. First, a concept of wow is described in which wow is explained
as a combination of fascination, pleasant surprise, and desire. The eliciting conditions of these three emotions are examined
and combined to a ‘wow-appraisal.’ This concept is applied in the design of a mobile telephone. A combination of qualitative
and quantitative research methods was used to formulate concern themes relevant for the wow-appraisal. These themes were used
to create a layered product character and a prototype of the final design. An evaluation study demonstrated that the product
designed with this approach rated higher on the wow-index than alternative products. 相似文献
73.
豪爽淳朴的民风和浓郁的家庭文化氛围,铸就了李清照这位山东才女高雅、率直、伟岸、好胜的品性,这些品性反应在她的词作中。在众多的词人中,别具一格的她,被奉为"婉约之宗",在中国文学史中占有重要地位。 相似文献
74.
75.
Frequency trajectory is a better measure to investigate age-limited learning effects than age of acquisition (AoA) ratings (Zevin, J. D., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2002). Age of acquisition effects in word reading and other tasks. Journal of Memory and Language, 47(1), 1-29). The current study uses frequency trajectory as a variable to investigate age-limited learning effects in Chinese character recognition, and tests predictions of the arbitrary mapping hypothesis as applied in a non-alphabetic writing system. In Experiment 1, regression analyses showed that, compared to rated AoA, frequency trajectory of characters was less affected by other lexical properties, and could explain a significant proportion of variance of AoA. In Experiment 2, the frequency trajectory and predictability from orthography to pronunciation of characters were orthogonally manipulated in a character naming task. The frequency trajectory effect appeared only for the arbitrary mapping condition. In Experiment 3, frequency trajectory and predictability from orthography to meaning of characters were manipulated in a semantic category judgment task. The frequency trajectory effects were found only when the mapping from orthography to semantic is less consistent. In summary, the study confirmed that AoA is a genuine factor affecting word processing, and the AoA effects were limited to those situations in which mapping between input and output representation was arbitrary. These results provide strong cross-linguistic evidence in support of the arbitrary mapping hypothesis. 相似文献
76.
77.
汉字识别中形音义激活时间进程的研究(Ⅰ) 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
分别采用基于语义的和基于语音的启动范畴判断作业,在不同的SOA条件下,考察高频汉字识别中形音义信息激活的相对时间进程。两个实验的结果表明,高频汉字形音义激活的时序为字形—字义—字音的顺序。这一结果揭示,高频汉字字义的提取更符合直通理论的预期。高频汉字的语音是自动激活的,但语音的激活可能发生在字义通达之后。 相似文献
78.
汉语发展性阅读障碍亚类型的初步探讨 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
以阅读水平匹配组为参照对29名汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的认知缺陷模式进行了分析,并考察了不同亚类型阅读障碍儿童的汉字识别模式。结果表明汉语发展性阅读障碍存在不同的亚类型,以语音缺陷型、快速命名缺陷型及两者结合的双重缺陷型为主,与英语国家研究中的双重缺陷假设一致。语音缺陷型儿童汉字识别时有更多的语义错误,对声旁中的部分语音线索不敏感;快速命名缺陷型儿童汉字识别时依赖声旁语音线索,表现出阅读发展的一般延迟;双重或多重认知缺陷型是阅读损伤最严重的亚类型 相似文献
79.
文章研究了视知觉组织,空间位置不确定性和视野位置等因素对复合刺激中整体和局部性质加工的影响。实验发现,(1)当复合刺激呈现在白背景上时,反应时和干扰作用都表明复复合刺激中大图的加工优于小图,刺激位置的不确定削弱大图对小图的干扰作用;而当复合刺激呈现在由“+”组成的背影或时,小图的加工优于大图,刺激位置的不确定延长分辩小图的RT;(2)与周国刺激相比,分辨视野中央的复合刺激的RT较短,这种影响对分辨 相似文献
80.