汉字笔画像素数省略对中文句子阅读影响的眼动研究

在前人笔画省略实验的基础上,采用“像素省略”这一更精确的变量操纵来探讨笔画省略对汉字识别的影响。实验采用2（像素省略方式：省前、略后）×3（像素省略水平：15%、30%、50%）被试内设计,分析整句阅读的眼动轨迹。结果显示,像素省略水平越高对阅读的干扰越大,省前条件下对阅读的干扰显著大于略后条件。结果进一步证实了汉字书写顺序对汉字识别的影响,先书写的笔画比后书写的笔画对汉字的识别起到更大的作用,即笔画顺序效应。     

Exploring orthographic neighborhood size effects in a computational model of Chinese character naming

Orthographic neighborhood (N) size effects have been extensively studied in English consistently producing a facilitatory effect in word naming tasks. In contrast, several recent studies on Chinese character naming have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of neighborhood size. Response latencies tend to be inhibited by inconsistent characters with large neighborhoods relative to small neighborhoods. These differences in neighborhood effects between languages may depend on the characteristics (depth) of the mapping between orthography and phonology. To explore this, we first conducted a behavioral experiment to investigate the relationship between neighborhood size, consistency and reading response. The results showed an inhibitory effect of neighborhood size for inconsistent characters but a facilitatory effect for consistent characters. We then developed two computational models based on parallel distributed processing principles to try and capture the nature of the processing that leads to these results in Chinese character naming. Simulations using models based on the triangle model of reading indicated that consistency and neighborhood size interact with the division of labor between semantics and phonology to produce these effects.     

聋人副中央凹字N+1预视效益的眼动研究

聋人听觉受损后,在低水平的视觉认知任务中,表现出副中央凹注意增强效应。这种增强效应是否也会发生在高水平的汉语认知加工任务中？本研究采用边界范式,探究副中央凹注意增强效应对聋人读者合体字N+1预视效益的影响。研究发现,高技能聋人读者,可以获得合体字N+1语音和语义预视效益。研究表明,副中央凹注意增强促进了高技能聋人读者N+1预视信息的获得。     

我对卒中单元的体会

卒中单元作为卒中治疗的最佳模式,逐渐被临床医生所接受,就卒中单元的概念、特点及我国卒中的现状等多数人所关心的问题进行了分析和探讨,以助于更好的理解。     

Los Degradados: Out,down, dead: Transmitted and inflicted trauma as encountered in the analysis of a 6‐year‐old girl1

The author presents the analysis of a precocious traumatized little girl, which reveals the ways in which historical trauma is transmitted and intrafamilial trauma is both disguised and represented. The play as it evolves is seen to simultaneously communicate what the child struggles with and to resolutely try to hide what has actually happened. Analyst and child together participate in play which utilizes displacement, enactment and interactive enactment, the latter play mode being the very hallmark of profound traumatic experience. Carlotta, the child, helps the analyst to follow her quest for meaning making even as the interaction between them adheres to and departs from the deepening pentimenti of traumatic experience, which needs to be unraveled and reconstructed in order that her own developmental progression can be rejoined. The analysis facilitates Carlotta's capacity to play in a more unfettered fashion and to assist her family's recovery as well.     

现代医学科学和人文精神的统一与临床医生综合素质的培养

运用医学哲学的原理,分析了现代医学模式存在的弊端,阐述了现代医学精神是科学和人文精神的统一,结合临床医生综合素质的培养,指出了现代医学科学和人文精神统一的重要性.     

汉字输入法对汉字字词加工的影响研究

用形似判断和同音判断作业就输入法对汉字字词加工的影响作了考察。结果表明,汉字输入法及输入速度对小学生语文学习存在明显的影响．但这种影响作用仪表现在汉字认知加工的较低层面。具体本研究而言,纵横输入法和拼音输入法对汉字认知加工的“形”和“音”均存在影响,但前者侧重于“形”．而后者侧重于“音”。笔者认为其直接原因是学生为提高汉字输入速度所付出的额外练习(相比于输入速度低的学生)所导致的．输入法充当了一种作用载体。     

关于公共目的实现的伦理思考

公共目的是对公共生活的总体把握 ,是用于引导公共生活的。实现公共目的是公共管理的根本任务 ,是公共管理者的道德责任。道德上合理的公共目的的实现要求使用正当的公共管理手段 ,它要求公共管理者用道德来约束其对公共管理手段的选择。这种道德约束有两种情形 :其一是在多样化的手段中选择正当性的公共管理手段 ,其二是使公共管理手段的使用正当化。     

汉字识别的反启动效应

为验证记忆的重叠表征理论,采用包括基线测量的启动实验范式,通过三个系列实验探讨了汉字识别的反启动效应。实验一结果表明,与基线条件相比,启动显著提高了启动的汉字的识别正确率,但却显著降低了与该汉字部分字形相同的未启动的汉字的识别正确率;实验二和三结果显示,反启动效应不是源于注意偏向和疲劳因素。因此,汉字识别中存在反启动效应,这为重叠表征理论提供了新的支持证据。