Institutional culture and individual behavior: Creating an ethical environment

Much of the work in professional ethics sees ethical problems as resulting from ethical ignorance, ethical failure or evil intent. While this approach gets at real and valid concerns, it does not capture the whole story because it does not take into account the underlying professional or institutional culture in which moral decision making is imbedded. My argument in this paper is that this culture plays a powerful and sometimes determinant role in establishing the nature of the ethical debate; i.e., it helps to define what are viable action options, what is the organization’s genuine mission, and what behaviors will be rewarded or criticized. Given these conclusions, I also argue that consulting ethicists need more than an understanding of ethics theory, concepts and principles; they also need a sufficiently rich understanding of organizational culture and a willingness and an ability to critique that culture. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting, New Orleans, 2003.     

自然内在价值的哲学论证

自然内在价值的问题 ,是生态伦理学理论的基本问题 ,又是它的理论论证中疑惑最多、论证最困难的问题。我们需要把目的论、存在论和价值论统一起来 ,从“主 -客关系”统一的角度 ,进行它的哲学论证。     

Character Assessment: An Examination of Leadership Levels

This paper discusses character assessment from a leadership level perspective. The organization studied is developing a leadership model for the next century. One of the leadership traits identified as essential was character. Approximately one thousand managers in the company were given two character assessment instruments via a Web-based medium. Significant differences were found between early-, mid-, and mature-level managers with an increasing trend in character traits across the levels. This research is consistent with Katz and Kahn's (1976) levels of leadership research.     

Attentional capture and attentional character

Attentional character is a way of thinking about what is relevant in a human life, what is meaningful and how it becomes so. This paper introduces the concept of attentional character through a redefinition of attentional capture as achievement. It looks freshly at the attentional capture debate in the current cognitive sciences literature through the lens of Aron Gurwitsch’s gestalt-phenomenology. Attentional character is defined as an initially limited capacity for attending in a given environment and is located within the sphere of attention, primarily as an irrelevant centering in attending.

寄托儿童与一般儿童人格特征的比较研究

寄托儿童是我国在新时期出现的儿童群体。采用艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）和学生团体主题统觉测验（G—TAT）对温州地区160名寄托儿童和一般儿童进行调查,结果表明,寄托儿童和一般儿童在一些人格特征方面存在差异。最后从社会交往角度尝试分析了导致这些人格特征差异的原因。     

释楚竹书《周易》之“■”

本文对上海博物馆藏楚简《周易》中的"歲"字进行了释读,兼释楚帛书中从"歲"旁的"越"字。     

整形外科的临床治疗决策分析

在生物心理社会医学模式下,以循证医学为基础的共享型临床决策成为主导.整形外科疾病有着诊断容易、治疗方法多样、效果不一、患者年龄小、心理脆弱、大众认知有一定误区等特点,更需要在情感和实践上体现对患者的理解和尊重,真正实现医生患者共同参与的共事型临床决策.     

复合刺激潜意识知觉的属性分离

通过四种复合刺激的属性分离实验,检验刺激不同属性在潜意识知觉中的差异。结果表明,刺激的不同属性在刺激材料潜意识知觉中具有不同的作用。验证了潜意识知觉心理加工的部分优先理论。检验了基于控制迫选任务中比较刺激所建立的复合刺激潜意识知觉属性分离模型的有效性。     

The role of the ventral and dorsal pathways in reading Chinese characters and English words

Previous literature in alphabetic languages suggests that the occipital-temporal region (the ventral pathway) is specialized for automatic parallel word recognition, whereas the parietal region (the dorsal pathway) is specialized for serial letter-by-letter reading ( [Cohen et al., 2008] and [Ho et al., 2002] ). However, few studies have directly examined the role of the ventral and dorsal pathways in Chinese reading compared to English reading. To investigate this issue, we adopted the degraded word processing paradigm used by Cohen et al. (2008) and compared brain regions involved in the processing of degraded Chinese characters and English words during lexical decision, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The degraded characters/words were created by inserting blank spaces between radicals of Chinese characters or syllables of English polysyllabic words. Generally, the current study replicated the effects of Cohen et al. (2008), showing that in Chinese – like in alphabetic languages – character spacing modulates both ventral (bilateral cuneus, left middle occipital gyrus) and dorsal (left superior parietal lobule and middle frontal gyrus) pathways. In addition, the current study showed greater activation in bilateral cuneus and right lingual gyrus for Chinese versus English when comparing spaced to normal stimuli, suggesting that Chinese character recognition relies more on ventral visual-spatial processing than English word recognition. Interestingly, bilateral cuneus showed monotonic patterns in response to increasing spacing, while the rest of the regions of interest showed non-monotonic patterns, indicating different profiles for these regions in visual-spatial processing.