Use it or lose it: purchase acceleration effects of time‐limited promotions

While researchers have examined the impact of retail promotions on purchase acceleration in the past, the distinction between time‐limited and time‐independent promotions has not been made in this context. In this paper, the authors report findings from two studies. In Study 1, it was found that promotions of short duration (time‐limited), such as store coupons, accelerate purchases, whereas promotions of longer duration (time‐independent), such as manufacturer's coupons, have no such impact. In Study 2, the impact of semantic cues was examined highlighting the time‐limited nature of promotions (such as ‘10 Hours Only Sale’), impact on purchase willingness, intent to search further for deals and attitudes towards the deal. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications.     

Contingent application of the cancellation editing operation: the role of semantic relatedness between risky outcomes

This article presents findings on the restructuring component of the decision process. Two experiments are described employing hypothetical vacation choice dilemmas. The aim was to explore the conditions under which outcomes common to two risky prospects with the same probabilities of occurrence are or are not cancelled and how consequent decisions are influenced. The design of the options presented to participants was based on pilot work to establish appropriate contexts. The key independent variable was the semantic relatedness between outcomes of the same risky prospect. The main finding was that the participants did not cancel the outcome shared by two prospects when it was semantically related to another outcome within the same prospect. In this case, the prospect with greater risk was chosen significantly more frequently in comparison to when the common outcome was unrelated to other outcomes. An interpretation of the findings is presented in terms of contingent editing processes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汉语及物动词词典中宾语信息的表征

该研究利用认知行为反应时方法,操作汉语及物动词与宾语之间的搭配关系,对汉语及物动词词典中宾语信息的表征情况进行了考察。结果发现,随着动词与宾语搭配的语义违反程度的增大,反应时增加。这表明,汉语及物动词词典中存在比较精确的宾语信息,其宾语信息是以语义特征来表征的。     

The ideal scaffolding of language: Husser's fourth Logical Investigation in the light of cognitive linguistics

One of the central issues in linguistics is whether or not language should be considered a self-contained, autonomous formal system, essentially reducible to the syntactic algorithms of meaning construction (as Chomskyan grammar would have it), or a holistic-functional system serving the means of expressing pre-organized intentional contents and thus accessible with respect to features and structures pertaining to other cognitive subsystems or to human experience as such (as Cognitive Linguistics would have it). The latter claim depends critically on the existence of principles governing the composition of semantic contents. Husserl's fourth Logical Investigation is well known as a genuine precursor for Chomskyan grammar. However, I will establish the heterogeneous character of the Investigation and show that the whole first part of it is devoted to the exposition of a semantic combinatorial system cognate to the one elaborated within Cognitive Linguistics. I will thus show how theoretical results in linguistics may serve to corroborate and shed light on those parts of Husserl's Fourth Investigation that have traditionally been dismissed as vague or simply ignored.     

Does retrieval practice depend on semantic cues? Assessing the fuzzy trace account of the testing effect

Retrieval practice enhances long-term retention more than restudying; a phenomenon called the testing effect. The fuzzy trace explanation predicts that a testing effect will already emerge after a short interval when participants are solely provided with semantic cues in the final test. In the present study, we assessed this explanation by gradually reducing the surface features overlap between cues in the learning phase and the final recognition test. In all five experiments, participants in the control/word condition received as final test cues the same words as in the learning phase. The experimental final test cues consisted of scrambled words, words in a new context, scrambled words in a new context (Experiment 1), synonyms (Experiment 2), or images (Experiments 3, 4a, 4b). A short-term testing effect was only observed for the image final test cues. These results do not provide strong support for the fuzzy trace explanation of the testing effect.     

等值分数概念的理解

等值分数是表示具有相等值的分数,它建立在两个量具有确定比例关系的基础上。研究表明,儿童在接受正式教学之前,就具有了等值分数的非正式知识,但仍然在概念理解上存在很大的困难,主要有两方面的原因:一是受自身运算思维发展水平的制约,未获得乘法思维和守恒观念;二是缺乏对等值分数不同语义的理解。在今后研究中,需进一步探讨从非正式知识到正式概念之间的发展路径,尝试开展等值分数的早期教学实验,并需要结合多种语义背景来考查儿童的概念发展水平。     

惯用语理解的多种心理机制：不同的证据

惯用语的理解机制一直是心理语言学研究的热点问题。来自语言学和神经生理学的证据都表明,对惯用语的加工存在多样化趋势,而且加工策略和手段会随个体卷入社会生活的程度而变化。惯用语的加工受加工者自身的隐喻知识以及惯用语本身性质的影响。另外,惯用语加工激活的脑区表明句法和语义分析在惯用语理解中均发挥重要作用,惯用语并没有词汇化,但是不能使用统一的加工模型来整合惯用语的理解机制。惯用语自身性质的多样化导致惯用语理解的多种心理机制。     

图画口语命名中的语义效应

图画口语命名包括了概念准备、词条选择、音韵编码和发音等加工阶段, 是口语产生研究中经典的实验任务。文章首先简要介绍了两类言语产生的基础理论, 然后介绍了不同研究范式下的语义抑制效应与语义促进效应。在此基础上总结了影响语义效应的各种因素, 并重点介绍了竞争说、动态词汇网络假说、反应一致说、语义选择说以及反应排除说。最后基于已有的研究成果与研究现状指出了下一步的研究方向。     

A Predicate Logical Extension of a Subintuitionistic Propositional Logic

We develop a predicate logical extension of a subintuitionistic propositional logic. Therefore a Hilbert type calculus and a Kripke type model are given. The propositional logic is formulated to axiomatize the idea of strategic weakening of Kripke's semantic for intuitionistic logic: dropping the semantical condition of heredity or persistence leads to a nonmonotonic model. On the syntactic side this leads to a certain restriction imposed on the deduction theorem. By means of a Henkin argument strong completeness is proved making use of predicate logical principles, which are only classically acceptable.     

汉字识别中形旁亚词汇加工的发展研究

本研究利用语义相关判断 ,探讨儿童和成年人在汉字加工中是否存在形旁的语义激活。目标字是语义透明的合体字 (如“姐”) ;启动字选用两种与目标字语义无关的字 ,一种是共用形旁但语义不透明的合体字 (如“始”) ,一种是在频率、笔画等方面和共用形旁字匹配的无关控制字 (如“收”)。结果发现与无关控制字相比 ,儿童和成年人在共用形旁字上的“NO”反应得到了延迟 ,说明形旁可能被分解加工 ,其语义被激活。而且不同年级儿童和成年人的效应量不同 ,表明形旁的自动分解和语义激活可能存在着一个从非自动化到自动化的发展过程。与前人的诸多研究相结合 ,说明儿童和成年人对汉字的加工一样 ,是亚词汇与词汇加工并行进行的过程。