从基因科学角度对人类心理行为的探讨

随着基因科学的不断发展,对基因与人类心理行为之间关系的研究大量涌现。本文对此类研究进行了简要的介绍,列举了三个主要阶段。并提出了几点在研究中需要注意的问题。     

Predicting the use of corporal punishment: Child aggression,parent religiosity,and the BDNF gene

Corporal punishment (CP) has been associated with deleterious child outcomes, highlighting the importance of understanding its underpinnings. Although several factors have been linked with parents’ CP use, genetic influences on CP have rarely been studied, and an integrative view examining the interplay between different predictors of CP is missing. We focused on the separate and joint effects of religiosity, child aggression, parent's gender, and a valine (Val) to methionine (Met) substitution in the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. Data came from a twin sample (51% male, aged 6.5 years). We used mothers’ and fathers’ self‐reports of CP and religiosity, and the other parent's report on child aggression. Complete data were available for 244 mothers and their 466 children, and for 217 fathers and their 409 children. The random split method was employed to examine replicability. For mothers, only the effect of religiosity appeared to replicate. For fathers, several effects predicting CP use replicated in both samples: child aggression, child sex, religiosity, and a three‐way (GxExE) interaction implicating fathers’ BDNF genotype, child aggression and religiosity. Religious fathers who carried the Met allele and had an aggressive child used CP more frequently; in contrast, secular fathers’ CP use was not affected by their BDNF genotype or child aggression. Results were also repeated longitudinally in a subsample with age 8–9 data. Findings highlight the utility of a bio‐ecological approach for studying CP use by shedding light on pertinent gene‐environment interaction processes. Possible implications for intervention and public policy are discussed.

     

从反义技术到反基因技术：基因治疗的新突破

脱氧寡核苷酸或肽核酸可与基因双链DNA内的特定序列结合形成三逻DNA,三链DNA结构的形成可以抑制靶基因的转录。三链DNA在治疗肿瘤和病毒感染,降低耐药性,抑制免疫等方面都可以有广泛的应用,三链DNA的提出和发现为基因治疗提供了一个新的方向。     

真核双基因表达载体p1RES-Rb94-E1A的构建与鉴定

以pE1A质粒为模板,扩增E1A基因,然后将E1AcDNA片段插入前期已经构建好的真核表达载体pIRES-Rb94的MCSB的SalI与NotI之间,获得真核双基因表达质粒p1RES-Rb94-E1A,转染肺腺癌A549细胞后,采用RT—PCR和Westernblot方法检测Rb94和E1A在A549细胞中的表达,为研...     

羞怯:来自行为遗传学的观点

羞怯是指社交情境中的不舒服和/或者抑制,会妨碍个体对人际目标或职业目标的追求;表现为过分地自我关注、全神贯注于个人的想法,以及某些情绪和生理的反应.近几年,从行为遗传学的角度探讨羞怯的成因成为该领域研究的前沿与热点.早期的双生子研究与分子遗传学的研究结果表明,羞怯与遗传密切相关;5-HTTLPR短型基因与羞怯的关系尤为密切;羞怯可能是多种基因以及基因与环境交互作用的结果.     

运用基因表达式编程的自陈量表数据建模

探讨基因表达式编程对自陈量表测量数据的建模方法。运用威廉斯创造力测验和认知需求量表获得400位中学生的测量分数,通过数据清洗,保留383个被试的分数作为建模的数据集。运用哈曼单因素检验方法没有发现共同方法偏差。采用均匀设计方法对基因表达式编程中的5个参数进行优化配置,在测试拟合度最大的试验条件下,找到了测试误差最小的模型。比较基因表达式编程和BP神经网络、支持向量回归机、多元线性回归、二次多项式回归所建模型的预测精度。研究表明,基因表达式编程能用于自陈量表测量数据的建模,该模型比传统方法所建的模型具有更高的预测精度,而且模型是稳健的。     

Risk Reduction Behaviors and Provider Communication Following Genetic Counseling and BRCA1 Mutation Testing in an African American Kindred

Little is known about the impact of cancer genetic counseling and testing on health behaviors in racial and ethnic subgroups. This prospective observational study examined use of risk reduction strategies following BRCA1 counseling and testing. Participants were female members of an African American kindred who received genetic education, counseling and testing (n = 40) and completed a 1-year follow-up interview. Mutation carriers were more likely to opt for breast (100%, 7/7) and ovarian (25%; 1 of 4) cancer surveillance than prophylactic surgery. Following genetic counseling, 71% (5/7) of the BRCA1 carriers who opted for surveillance reported having a mammogram within the year following receipt of their genetic test results. Ovarian cancer screening among mutation carriers increased from 0% at baseline to 25% (one of four) at 1 year. Compared to noncarriers (23%, 7/30), carriers (70%, 7/10) were more likely to discuss their BRCA1 test results with their primary health care providers. Surveillance for breast cancer was preferred to prophylactic surgery and chemoprevention as a way to reduce risk for these cancers. Our data indicate that patient-provider communication about BRCA1 test results is suboptimal.     

系统视角下致癌基因与遗传背景的相互作用

肿瘤是当今人类生命健康的主要威胁之一。致癌基因与遗传背景和肿瘤的形成有密切关系。致癌基因与遗传背景,致癌基因与抗癌基因之间的时空结构和非线性作用都有可能使正常细胞恶变,导致肿瘤的形成。致癌基因与遗传背景实际上构成了细胞中的一个完整的遗传系统。本文试图用系统方法探讨两者的相互作用,以便更好地探讨肿瘤发生的机理和治疗手段。     

弯曲时空理论与生物体DNA双螺旋结构

对爱因斯坦的"弯曲时空"理论与生物体DNA双螺旋结构的相关性进行了哲理性思考:控制生命时间程序的生物钟基因编码及调控细胞分裂的正、负向基因对应表达的严格时间程序,在DNA双螺旋结构上可能具有"时空弯曲"的原理.地球上不同经纬度地区的时间流行病学特征应该具有相对同时性.