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231.
Poor health outcomes associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may reflect engagement in unhealthy behaviors that increase morbidity risk and disengagement in healthy behaviors that decrease morbidity risk. Although research supports this pattern, findings are not definitive, particularly for healthy behaviors. Many studies have not controlled for effects of concurrent generalized anxiety and depression, which might explain conflicting findings. To address this limitation, we used an online cross-sectional research design and multivariate multilevel modelling to evaluate associations between a multitude of health behaviors (i.e. sedentary behavior, sleep quality, physical activity, eating habits, alcohol use and substance use) and PTSD, while adjusting for comorbid generalized anxiety and depression, in a sample of trauma-exposed individuals (N = 246). Our results indicate that PTSD and comorbid generalized anxiety and depression symptoms were differentially associated with specific health constructs. Specifically, sedentary behavior and poor sleep quality were associated with PTSD, whereas low physical activity, poor sleep quality, and unhealthy eating habits were associated with depression. Both increased alcohol and substance use were associated with generalized anxiety. Results from our study highlight the need to conceptualize associations between health behaviors and specific psychological symptoms in a comprehensive manner as part of clinical presentations of PTSD. 相似文献
232.
George M. Hayward 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2019,58(2):439-458
While numerous studies show a persistent inverse association between religion variables and adolescents’ sexual behaviors, the nature of this relationship is not well understood. Specifically, many previous studies presuppose that the associations between adolescent religiosity and sexual behaviors are linear. However, a number of studies have also identified important nonlinearities of religious influence during adolescence, with highly religious individuals being distinct from their peers. Incorporating this knowledge into a theoretically motivated modeling approach, this article provides a comparative analysis of functional forms describing the relationships between religiosity and adolescent sexual behaviors. Using data from two waves of the National Study of Youth and Religion, a linear functional form is compared with nonlinear alternatives that link multiple religion measures to outcomes of sexual activity. Results show that the majority of these relationships are best defined by nonlinear functional forms, suggesting that the influence of religiosity increases as individuals become more religious. 相似文献
233.
Filipe Rodrigues Diogo S. Teixeira Luis Cid Srgio Machado Diogo Monteiro 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2019,60(6):585-595
Motivation plays an important role when it comes to regular physical exercise. Hence, low levels of intentions to continue exercising in the future may ultimately lead to higher rates of exercise dropout. The first objective of the present research was to test a theoretical model considering the dark side of motivational determinants on intentions towards exercising in the future. The second objective consisted in comparing groups with different characteristics, as a way to identify individuals with weaker intention, which is believed to be an indicator of a higher dropout risk. In total, 544 (294 female; 250 male) gym exercisers aged between 18 and 58 years (M = 35.00; SD = 11.57) partook in the present research. Participants were engaged in fitness group classes (n = 273) or in cardio/resistance workouts (n = 271), and their exercise experience ranged from 3 to 120 months (M = 47.41; SD = 7.54). Results showed that the measurement and the structural model had an excellent fit. In addition, the structural model was invariant between gender, fitness activities, and exercise experience. Each group displayed different explained variance in intention to continue exercising. Overall, male, young adults and more experienced exercisers had stronger intentions towards exercising. Fitness instructors should be aware of their own thwarting behaviors, especially when interacting with female, young and less experienced exercisers, since they have weaker intentions to exercise in the future, possibly representing an increased risk of withdrawal. 相似文献
234.
235.
Myriam Forster Laurel Davis Timothy J. Grigsby Christopher J. Rogers Steven F. Vetrone Jennifer B. Unger 《American journal of community psychology》2019,64(1-2):191-202
Suicide is a leading cause of death among young adults; however, contextual risks and cultural factors are rarely studied in the context of ethnic minority suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal attempt (SA). This study assessed the association between familial incarceration and suicide behaviors and examined ethnic identity as a potential moderator. Data from a longitudinal study of health among Hispanics (n = 1,094) in California were used to test associations between familial incarceration, ethnic identity, and SA and SI, adjusting for demographic factors and covariates. Approximately 18% and 8% of respondents reported SI and SA, respectively. Compared to no incarceration, or the incarceration of a relative, parental incarceration was associated with higher odds (AOR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.23–3.34) of SI whereas higher affective ethnic identity reduced the odds (AOR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.31–0.89) of SA. Ethnic identity moderated the association between parental incarceration and SI (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13–0.79). Incarceration of a family member can set the stage for exclusion from critical institutions and can have long‐term consequences for adult mental health. Promoting a positive ethnic identity may be a promising prevention strategy that could bolster resilience among at‐risk, urban minority youth. 相似文献
236.
Shannon M. Savell Sean R. Womack Melvin N. Wilson Daniel S. Shaw Thomas J. Dishion 《Infant mental health journal》2019,40(1):98-112
Discrimination has been shown to be related to diminished psychological adjustment and greater risk for substance use when personally experienced by adolescents and when their caregivers experience discrimination. Our research considers the impact of primary caregiver experiences of racial- and socioeconomic-based discrimination in early (age 3–5 years) and late childhood (age 9½) on adolescent disruptive behaviors (age 14) with a large sample of diverse caregiver–child dyads (N = 634). In addition, we examine the potential protective effects of parent–child relationship quality in early and late childhood in buffering the effects of caregiver discrimination on adolescent disruptive behaviors. We also explore possible gender differences in children's vulnerability to engage in disruptive behaviors in the context of caregiver experiences of discrimination. The findings from this study indicate that at trend level, early childhood experiences of primary caregiver discrimination (ages 3–5) predicted adolescent disruptive behaviors, accounting for the effects of more recent (age 9½) caregiver discrimination. In addition, parent–child relationship quality at age 9½ years was found to buffer the effects of late childhood (age 9½) primary caregiver discrimination on adolescent disruptive behaviors for both male and female youth. The findings highlight the need for prevention and intervention techniques that foster healthy and positive primary caregiver–child relationships. 相似文献
237.
Chieh-Peng Lin 《Journal of business and psychology》2008,22(3):261-273
This research presents a model of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) mediated by social network ties using gender
as a moderator. In the proposed model, OCBs are influenced indirectly by the need for power-prestige, outcome interdependence,
and person-organization fit through the mediation of instrumental ties and expressive ties, which are considered social network
ties. Gender moderates several paths in the model. The moderating effects of gender are simultaneously examined using data
collected in Taiwan. Test results show that the influence of the need for power-prestige on expressive ties is stronger for
women than for men, and the influence of the need for power-prestige on instrumental ties is stronger for men than for women.
Moreover, the influence of outcome interdependence on instrumental ties is stronger for men than for women. Finally, detailed
findings and their implications are discussed. 相似文献
238.
The purpose of this article was to examine the role played by different orientations in planning for eating behaviors as mediators
of the relationship between regulation styles and eating behaviors. In Study 1, a new scale was developed to assess approach
food planning and avoidance food planning. Results from confirmatory analyses (N = 241) supported the two-factor structure of the scale. In Study 2 (N = 202), in agreement with past research on the effects of autonomous and controlled motivation for the regulation of eating
behaviors, we found that approach food planning partially mediated the effects of autonomous regulation for eating behaviors
on healthy eating behaviors, while avoidance food planning partially mediated the effects of controlled regulation for eating
behaviors on dysfunctional eating behaviors. Implications of these results for self-determination theory and for promoting
healthy eating behaviors are discussed.
相似文献
Luc G. PelletierEmail: |
239.
Early problem behaviors are associated with a variety of cognitive deficits: in verbal ability, executive function (EF) and
theory of mind (ToM). Previous studies with different age-groups yield contrasting results: for 2-year-olds, ToM skills appear
particularly salient (Hughes & Ensor, 2006), but for 4-year-olds EF appears more important (Hughes, White, Sharpen, & Dunn,
2000). To examine this apparent developmental change in the relative salience of cognitive deficits we followed 122 children
from Hughes and Ensor’s (2006) sample at ages 3 and 4. Tests of ToM, EF and verbal ability were included at each time-point
and multi-informant, multi-measure, multi-setting ratings provided aggregate measures of problem behaviors. ToM and verbal
ability showed non-specific associations with problem behaviors, but associations between EF and problem behaviors were strong
and specific. In addition, age-3 EF mediated relations between age-2 verbal ability and age-4 problem behaviors. 相似文献
240.
This study examined exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), a major public health problem. ETS has been found to be
associated with an increased risk of adverse health effects in children. This study utilizes data from a community-based,
longitudinal investigation examining the relation between children’s exposure to ETS and later internalizing symptoms and
externalizing behaviors. Interviews were administered to a representative community sample of participants from two New York
State counties in 1983, with subsequent interviews in 1985–1986, 1992, 1997, and 2002–2003 (when the participants’ mean age
was 32). Data was collected on various personality and behavioral characteristics of the participants, and on internalizing
symptoms and externalizing behaviors demonstrated by their children. Results indicated that children’s exposure to ETS was
associated with an increased risk for both internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors. This relationship was maintained
despite control on a number of parental psychosocial risk factors (e.g., demographic variables, personality and behavioral
attributes) that have been found to be associated with both parental cigarette smoking and behavior problems among children.
These data, which indicate an association between exposure to ETS and internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors among
children, support public health policies to further restrict children’s exposure to ETS. 相似文献