The development of violence from age 8 to 61

The main aim of this study is to investigate the development of violence from childhood to adulthood. In the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD), 411 London males have been followed up from age 8 to 48 in interviews, and from age 10 to 61 in criminal records; 19% were convicted for violence. There was a surprising amount of violence committed at older ages (40–61). The number of violence convictions was similar at ages 10–20, 21–39, and 40–61. There was considerable continuity in violent offending from ages 10–20 to 40–61. There was also continuity in self-reported violence from ages 15–18 to 43–48, and violence convictions were related to self-reported violence at all ages. The most important childhood risk factors for violence convictions were high daring or risk-taking, low verbal intelligence, a disrupted family, harsh parental discipline, high hyperactivity, and large family size. The extent to which these risk factors predicted violence at ages 40–61 was noteworthy. The “integrated cognitive antisocial potential (ICAP)” theory was proposed to explain the development of violence, and methods of preventing violence, targeting childhood risk factors, were reviewed.     

Illness perception clusters and relationship quality are associated with diabetes distress in adults with Type 2 diabetes

This report aims to augment what is already known about emotional distress in Type 2 diabetes, by assessing the predictive value of illness perception clusters and relationship quality on four subcategories of Diabetes Distress.162 individuals with Type 2 diabetes responded to a postal questionnaire assessing demographics, depression, diabetes distress, illness perceptions and relationship quality. Long-term blood glucose was retrieved from participants’ General Practitioner. Three illness perception clusters emerged from the data, capturing three subgroups of participants sharing similar illness perception schemas. Regression analyses were performed across each diabetes distress subscale, with demographics, illness perception clusters, and relationship variables entered into three blocks. Covariates explained 51.1% of the variance in emotional burden, 41% of the variance in regimen-related distress, 20% of the variance in interpersonal distress, and 8.6% of the variance in physician-related distress. Cluster membership was strongly associated with emotional burden, regimen-related distress, and to a lesser degree interpersonal distress, but was not associated with physician-related distress. Relationship quality most strongly predicted regimen-related distress. Illness perception schemas and interpersonal issues influence emotional adjustment in diabetes. This study provides direction for the content of a novel approach to identifying and reducing diabetes distress in people with Type 2 diabetes.     

胰岛素研究的新突破

人类与糖尿病抗争的历史最早可上溯到公元前1500年前,但直到20世纪20年代胰岛素才由生理学家Fredrick Banting等发现.自此,挽救了数以百万计的糖尿病患者的生命.随后,人们在研究胰岛素如何调节物质代谢时,意外发现含胰岛素的激化液(Glucose-insulin-potassium,GIK)可改善急性心脏梗死患者的症状.提示,胰岛素还具有其它多方面的生理功能.近期研究证明,胰岛素确有抗心肌坏死与凋亡、进而保护缺血再灌注心肌的作用,这再次引起了人们对胰岛素进行深入研究的兴趣.从胰岛素的发现到对其新的作用机制的认识给我们带来许多有益的启示.     

完善自身免疫性糖尿病胰岛炎核素显像研究及其思考

回顾和综述自身免疫性糖尿病胰岛炎核素显像技术的产生、发展过程和最新研究进展.分析系统论方法主要基本原则在该技术研究进展中的指导性作用.揭示在医学科学研究中自觉、主动地运用辨证思维方法和系统论科学方法,可以拓展研究的新思路,为深入认识、改进和创造先进技术提供有效手段、为制定研究的最佳方案及优化组合提供新途径,对促进和指导医学研究发展有极其重要的意义.     

2型糖尿病大血管病变机理和糖尿病治疗

2型糖尿病大血管病变与代谢综合征密切相关.现代医学认为两者的根本原因是胰岛素抵抗,导致糖耐量下降,血脂紊乱,高胰岛素血症,高血压和高凝状态等.从系统论的观点阐述了代谢综合征的相互关系和2型糖尿病大血管病变发病机理,并进一步从该观点阐明2型糖尿病的防治策略.     

糖尿病教育在2型糖尿病防控工作中的重要性

近年来,由于糖尿病的高患病率、高致残率和高死亡率带来沉重的社会和经济负担。预防糖尿病发生、改善糖尿病患者现况等均提示推广普及糖尿病教育具有重要意义。通过糖尿病教育可以全面改善患者临床控制指标、知识水平、自我管理水平和自我效能水平,且从卫生经济学角度分析显示其投入相对较小的成本即可达到良好的效果和效用,因而在糖尿病防控体...     

OSAHS在2型糖尿病发病中的作用与对策

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS）是一种常见的睡眠呼吸紊乱性疾病,以睡眠时反复发作的上气道部分或完全阻塞为特征。近年发现OSAHS与2型糖尿病之间有着明显的相关性,二者均为心血管疾病的高危因素,合并存在能够严重影响生命质量与预期寿命...     

老年糖代谢异常患者血浆NT—proBNP与血管内皮功能早期监测意义

通过检测老年糖代谢异常患者的血浆N末端血清脑钠肽前体（NT—proBNP）水平与肱动脉血管内皮依赖性舒张功能（FMD）,探讨其早期监测意义。共77例观察对象,其中12例血糖正常的健康老人为对照组,65例老年糖代谢异常组患者根据空腹血糖（FBG）和糖耐量2小时（0GTT2h）血糖水平分为空腹血糖受损组（IFG）14例、糖耐量受损组（IGT）23例和2型糖尿病组（DM）28例。各组均检测血浆NT—proBNP水平和无创超声监测FMD。随着血糖代谢异常程度加重,比较正常组,糖代谢异常组的血浆NT—proBNP水平升高（P〈0．01）,FMD调节下降（P〈0．01）;糖代谢异常发展过程中,IFG阶段FMD即出现舒张失调（P〈0．05）;IGT阶段血浆NT-proBNP水平升高有意义并达到无症状心衰诊断标准（P〈0．01）,且FMD出现舒张过度调节,提示收缩和舒张功能双向调节不良。空腹血糖升高增加血管内皮依赖性舒张功能损害,当FBG合并（或）餐后血糖升高,血浆NT—proBNP水平升高可以成为早期预测慢性无症状心功能不全的危险因素。因此,关注老年糖代谢异常早期阶段进程,并联合血浆NT—proBNP水平和血管内皮依赖性舒张功能监测,不仅对靶器官保护具有早期预警意义,而且是临床控制血糖管理的重要而简易的方法之一。     

糖尿病足诊疗与预防进展

糖尿病足是糖尿病的严重并发症,血管狭窄闭塞、神经病变和感染是主要的临床表现,本文主要从糖尿病足的定义、病因、病理生理、临床表现、检测方法、分级及治疗和预防进展方面进行总结。糖尿病足的诊治是个系统工程,单一的方法难以治愈,且治疗效果欠佳,故我们在临床上以预防为主,早期诊断,早期治疗。     

职业弹性对工作绩效和职业满意度影响的实证研究

摘要：职业弹性是指个体灵活应对变化的职业环境甚至是逆境的职业能力。在控制无关变量及同一方法偏差的基础上,本文考察了职业弹性的不同维度对其后效变量的影响。通过对某信息集团下属的59家电子相关企业中的324位管理人员的问卷调查,结果表明职业弹性会影响个体的工作绩效和职业满意度,管理者的职业弹性越高,其工作绩效越高、职业满意度也越高。