Validation of the Self-Discrepancies Scale (S-DS). A tool to investigate the self in clinical and research settings

Introduction

Self-discrepancies (the distances between the perceived self and the ideal or the socially prescribed selves) are a hallmark in psychological distress. However, a clinical tool evaluating these discrepancies is lacking.

观看撕去标签的产品的心理反应:完形还是蔡格尼克?

产品包装标签是人们获取产品信息的最主要途径之一,而影视片段中常出现“去标签”处理的道具。本文以熟悉品牌的矿泉水为例,采用眼动分析法和问卷测量法结合的方式对有无产品标签的影响进行探究。结果表明:受众在观看影视片段中“去标签”处理的道具时的心理反应与完形理论中的知觉组织原则——闭合原则有关,为广告设计提供了新的观点和实证依据。     

农村儿童社会性发展问卷的编制

为考察农村儿童社会性发展的现状,本研究编制了农村儿童社会性发展问卷,并对2681名农村中小学生进行了调查。结果发现,农村儿童社会性发展包括社会道德、社会态度、社会情感、社会行为和社会交往等五个方面,部分维度存在显著的性别和年级差异,非留守儿童的社会态度和社会交往水平明显高于留守儿童。该问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为评估农村中小学生社会性发展的有效工具。     

大学生职业成熟度研究

本文对台湾学者的职业成熟度问卷进行了修订。结果显示经修订得到的大学生职业成熟度问卷具有较好的信度、效度,可以作为我国大学生职业成熟度的测量工具。     

Examining the relationship between performance-based and questionnaire assessments of executive function in young preterm children: Implications for clinical practice

The aim of this study was to determine whether specific performance-based executive function assessment tools were associated with executive functioning in everyday life as reported by parents and teachers of four- to five-year-old preterm and term children. At the age of 4 years, 141 preterm children born <33 weeks’ gestation and 77 term children were assessed using performance-based intelligence (WPPSI-III) and executive function (EF) assessment tools (NEPSY-II, Day-Night and Shape School tasks). The assessment results were compared with the parent and teacher completed questionnaires of EF (BRIEF-P) when the children started kindergarten at the age of 4 to 5 years. The performance-based intelligence and EF assessment results were not consistently associated with the parent and teacher reports of EF in everyday life for either preterm or term groups. Clinical implications of using and interpreting performance-based EF assessment tools and EF questionnaires are discussed with a particular focus on young preterm children at the commencement of formal schooling.     

Psychometric Evaluation and Standardization of the Self and Other Scale

This article evaluates and extends the psychometric properties of the Self and Other Scale (SOS). The scale is designed to measure two types of threat to self construction, namely, an insecurity threat (fear of exclusion) and an engulfment threat (fear of intrusion). Previous analysis of the SOS has been based on nonclinical student populations with a narrow age range. The present study addresses this limitation by examining the psychometric properties of the scale with an adult nonclinical population (N = 150) covering the life span and with varied socioeconomic status. Results are compared with those of the previous study. Statistical analysis supports the construct validity and the reliability of the scale. Clinical implications of the scale are explored.     

职业枯竭的测量方法

职业枯竭领域研究使用的测量方法主要有两类：问卷测量法和客观测量法。问卷测量法又包括自陈问卷测量法和他评问卷测量法。常用的四种自陈问卷以及它们的使用情况和优缺点进行了重点评述。他评问卷法和客观测量法也简要地提及。从目前来看,自陈问卷测量法是枯竭领域的主导测量方法,并还将在很长的一段时间内保持这一地位     

Confirmatory factor analysis of the post-event processing inventory in a community sample seeking self-help for social anxiety

Background: Post-event processing (PEP) refers to negative rumination following anxiety-inducing social situations. The Post-Event Processing Inventory (PEPI; Blackie & Kocovski, 2017, Development and validation of the trait and state versions of the post-event processing inventory. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 30, 202–218.) consists of both trait and state forms. Although the psychometric properties of the PEPI have been very good in past research, the factor structure of the scale was examined with student samples only.

Objectives: The primary purpose of the present study was to confirm the factor structure of the PEPI with a sample of individuals seeking self-help for social anxiety and shyness.

Design and Method: Individuals interested in receiving self-help (N?=?155) completed a battery of questionnaires, including the trait and state forms of the PEPI.

Results: On each version of the scale, we confirmed that a second-order factor (global PEP) could be inferred from three first-order factors (frequency, intensity, and self-judgment).

Conclusions: The hierarchical factor structure of the PEPI in the present study is consistent with previous research. The findings from the present study illustrate the utility of the PEPI amongst a community sample of individuals seeking self-help for social anxiety.