Psychometric properties of the early prosocial behaviour questionnaire

In this paper, we introduce a parent report questionnaire that assesses three different domains of early prosocial behaviour, namely helping, comforting and sharing. Participants were 202 German mothers with children at the ages of 18 and 30 months. Results showed that a three-factor model (representing the three domains of prosocial behaviour) fitted the data more accurately than a single-factor model. Longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis revealed configural and metric invariance of the three-factor model over measurement occasions and, furthermore, analysis of the factor variances and covariances yielded equivalent structural relations between factors across age. These findings legitimize the use of the questionnaire for mean comparison analysis and longitudinal change assessments.     

教师教学认知偏差问卷的编制及初步应用

依据社会心理学等有关认知偏差理论,结合教师教学实际自制了"教师教学认知偏差问卷"。对问卷进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析以及信度检验等发现,该问卷显示出较好的效度和信度。以该问卷对846名教师进行了初步调查,调查的数据反映出在教师中存在不同程度的教学认知偏差,其中女教师的教学认知偏差要显著好于男教师,教学优秀教师的教学认知偏差显著好于一般普通教师,教龄时间较短的教师的教学认知偏差要显著好于教龄较长的教师。     

Early maladaptive schemas in Finnish adult chronic pain patients and a control sample

Engel (1959) suggested that negative physical or emotional experiences in childhood predispose to the development of chronic pain. Studies have shown that physical and sexual abuse in early life is connected with chronic pain. Emotional adversities are much less studied causes contributing to the development of chronic pain and disability. Early emotional abuse, neglect, maltreatment and other adversities are deleterious childhood experiences which, according to Young's schema theory (1990), produce early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). The primary goal of this study was to examine whether early adversities were more common in chronic pain patients than in a control group. A total of 271 (53% women) first-visit chronic pain patients and 331 (86% women) control participants took part in the study. Their socio-demographic data, pain variables and pain disability were measured. To estimate EMSs the Young Schema Questionnaire was used. Chronic pain patients scored higher EMSs reflecting incapacity to perform independently, catastrophic beliefs and pessimism. The most severely disabled chronic pain patients showed an increase in all the EMSs in the Disconnection and Rejection schema domain, namely Abandonment/Instability, Mistrust/Abuse, Emotional Deprivation, Defectiveness/Shame and Social Isolation/Alienation EMSs. The results of the study suggested that chronic pain patients had suffered early emotional maltreatment.     

The reactive–proactive aggression questionnaire: differential correlates of reactive and proactive aggression in adolescent boys

This study reports the development of the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ), and the differential correlates of these two forms of aggression. Antisocial, psychosocial and personality measures were obtained at ages 7 and 16 years in schoolboys, while the RPQ was administered to 334 of the boys at age 16 years. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a significant fit for a two‐factor proactive–reactive model that replicated from one independent subsample to another. Proactive aggression was uniquely characterized at age 7 by initiation of fights, strong‐arm tactics, delinquency, poor school motivation, poor peer relationships, single‐parent status, psychosocial adversity, substance‐abusing parents, and hyperactivity, and at age 16 by a psychopathic personality, blunted affect, delinquency, and serious violent offending. Reactive aggression was uniquely characterized at age 16 by impulsivity, hostility, social anxiety, lack of close friends, unusual perceptual experiences, and ideas of reference. Findings confirm and extend the differential correlates of proactive–reactive aggression, and demonstrate that this brief but reliable and valid self‐report instrument can be used to assess proactive and reactive aggression in child and adolescent samples. Aggr. Behav. 32:159–171, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

变革型领导与员工工作态度：心理授权的中介作用

研究的主要目的是考察变革型领导与员工满意度、组织承诺之间的关系,以及变革型领导的作用机制,即变革型领导是否会通过心理授权影响员工工作态度。利用14家企业744份调查问卷的结果,采用结构方程模型技术对变革型领导、心理授权、员工满意度、组织承诺之间的关系进行了交叉验证分析。结果表明,愿景激励与德行垂范对组织承诺与员工满意度有显著的影响,而领导魅力与个性化关怀只对员工满意度有显著的影响;心理授权对变革型领导与员工工作态度的关系具有一定的中介作用,愿景激励与德行垂范通过工作意义影响员工满意度与组织承诺;愿景激励通过自我效能影响组织承诺     

重庆市中学生与其父母价值观的差异研究

从与其父母间具有差异的价值观的角度出发,本研究自编了重庆市中学生价值观量表,并对重庆市的中学生及其家长进行了调查。结果显示:(1)自编的问卷具有良好的信效度;(2)重庆市中学生的价值观具有显著的性别主效应和年级主效应,学校区域和学校类型均不存在主效应;父亲职业、母亲职业在某些维度上存在主效应。(3)中学生与其父母的价值观在多个维度上都存在差异。在六个主因素中,学生最看重自我方面,而家长最看重家庭。次因素中,学生最看重的是家庭气氛、平等、独立和隐私,家长最看重的是家庭气氛、家庭责任、平等、知识价值。     

上海市民旅游收获调查研究

本研究采用自编的《旅游收获自我评价问卷》,对具有比较丰富的旅游经验的上海市民进行了调查研究。结果发现,上海市民普遍认为自己的旅游收获比较大;他们的旅游收获,主要包括自我发展与人际交往、认识自然与社会、自由行动与减轻压力和审美与放松心情等四种类型;上海市民的旅游收获,存在年龄与职业的显著性差异;根据旅游收获的大小,可以有效地预测上海市民的旅游行为。     

《企业管理者管理自我效能感问卷》的编制

该研究旨在编制适合我国企业状况的《管理者管理自我效能感问卷》(enterprise intendant managementself-efficacy questionnaire,EIMSEQ)。在初测的基础上,通过探索性因素分析确定了构成该问卷的8个维度。然后,得到了一个包含8个维度共64个项目的《管理者管理自我效能感问卷》。在天津市六家国有企业中,利用该问卷调查了475名中层管理者。数据分析表明,该问卷具有很好的信度和效度。     

大学生学校心理环境问卷的编制

目的:探索大学生学校心理环境的结构并进行问卷编制。方法:通过文献分析、现状分析和专家讨论形成问卷初始结构。在两次试测后,以262名大学生为正式样本进行因素分析、信效度分析和多元概化理论分析。结果:大学生学校心理环境结构包括:师生关系、同学关系、集体活动、专业发展、资源和制度与秩序六个因素。问卷的验证性因素分析结果表明,六因素模型和二阶因子模型拟合度均良好。结论:大学生学校心理环境问卷具有良好的信效度指标,可以作为大学生学校心理环境的测量工具。     

Seasonal eating patterns in Norway: a non-clinical population study

Seasonal deviations in normal eating habits have been associated with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Two studies on seasonal variation in eating habits are reported in this paper. In Study 1, seasonal patterns of eating disturbances were measured cross-sectionally in 6313 participants using an eating disturbance scale (EDS-5) and a modified version of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Eating disturbance scores were predicted by seasonal sensitivity scores from the SPAQ, gender, age, and light. Study 2 used a longitudinal design in which 908 participants were given the EDS-5 every month from November 1993 to January 1995. Scores on the EDS-5 fluctuated with the season of the year, with higher EDS-5 scores in winter and lower in summer. The results suggest that seasonal fluctuations affect only a subset of the total population.