大学新生心理健康水平调查

采用国家教育部中国大学生心理健康测评系统(CSPA)中的《中国大学生心理健康量表》对天津某高校3826名2013年入学的大学新生进行问卷调查,并分析大学新生心理健康水平的人口学差异。结果 :(1)大学新生整体心理健康状况较好;(2)女生的整体心理健康水平要好于男生,但女生比男生表现出更多的自卑;(3)汉族学生比少数民族学生表现出更高的焦虑;(4)独生子女的心理健康水平显著好于非独生子女;(5)理工类、文史类、文体艺术类大学新生的心理健康水平存在差异,理工类大学生的整体心理健康水平要好于文体艺术类大学新生。     

Feelings of error in reasoning—in search of a phenomenon

Recent research shows that in reasoning tasks, subjects usually produce an initial intuitive answer, accompanied by a metacognitive experience, which has been called feeling of rightness. This paper is aimed at exploring the complimentary experience of feeling of error (FOE), that is, the spontaneous, subtle sensation of cognitive uneasiness arising from conflict detection during thinking. We investigate FOE in two studies with the “bat-and-ball” (B&B) reasoning task, in its standard and isomorphic control versions. Study 1 is a generation study, in which participants are asked to generate their own response. Study 2 is an evaluation study, in which participants are asked to choose between two conflicting answers (normative vs. intuitive). In each study, the FOE is measured by the FOE questionnaire. Results show that the FOE is significantly present in the standard B&B task when participants give a wrong answer, that our questionnaire can measure it, and furthermore, that it is diagnostic of genuine error.     

Screening People With Anxiety/Depression for Suitability for Guided Self‐help

The aim of this study was to test a questionnaire for screening people with anxiety/depression for their suitability for certain forms of computer‐guided self‐help. A total of 196 referrals completed the screening questionnaire. Three clinicians each independently judged the referrals' broad problem type and suitability. Referrals were randomized to 1 of 3 clinicians for a screening interview. The results show that inter‐clinician agreement was good for questionnaire‐based problem type and suitability, and excellent for screening interview‐based problem type and suitability. Agreement between the questionnaire and interview was good on problem type but poor on suitability. Compared with the screening interview, the questionnaire detected suitable patients well but unsuitable patients less well. In conclusion, by quickly scanning the completed questionnaire, clinicians were able sensitively to detect patients' problem types that were suitable for certain forms of self‐help. Some unsuitability items need refining.     

师范生心理素质评价量表的研制

该研究在前期研究的基础上,经进一步理论分析．初步编制了由责任感、有恒性、客观性、非权势性、创造性、监控性、教育效能感、角色认同、成就动机9个分量表构成的“师范生心理素质评价量表”。经项目分析、预测、非正式测量确定了量表的具体测验题。对976名师范生正式测量结果的分析表明,该量表有较高的信度和效度,能够较好地评定师范生的心理素质．对优秀教师与一般教师亦有一定的区分鉴别作用。在文章的最后,作者进一步讨论了师范生心理素质及其结构。     

Kashmiri women's perceptions of their emotional and psychological needs,and access to counselling

This paper explores the meaning of mental illness for Kashmiri women, the issues that cause them distress, their coping mechanisms, and their perceptions and understanding of counselling. Interviews were used to compare the experiences and attitudes of two groups of Kashmiri women: those born in Britain and those who had been brought up in Kashmir and had settled in Britain as adults. It was found that Kashmiri women in this study had a clear understanding of mental illness, with little difference in beliefs between those born and raised in the UK and those brought up in Kashmir. In both groups the majority of those who were not aware of formal counselling still wanted to talk to a professional about their emotional distress. The majority of UK born women, and a smaller proportion of Kashmiri born women, were aware of counselling. Most women associated it with talking to someone about one's feelings, about problems in one's heart, in one's mind, and as a means of support when experiencing distress. The implications of these findings for practice are discussed.     

The Child Food Rejection Scale: Development and validation of a new scale to assess food neophobia and pickiness among 2- to 7-year-old French children

IntroductionThe two strongest obstacles to extend children's consumption of fruit and vegetables are food neophobia and pickiness, assumed to be the main kinds of food rejection in children. Accordingly, psychometric tools that provide a clear assessment of these kinds of food rejections are greatly needed.ObjectiveTo design and validate a new scale for the assessment of food neophobia and pickiness, thus filling a major gap in the psychometric assessment of food rejection by French children.MethodWe concentrated on French children aged 2–7 years, as no such scale exists for this young population, and on the two known dimensions of food rejection, namely food neophobia and pickiness, as the nature of the relationship between them is still unclear. The scale was tested on two samples (N₁ = 168; N₂ = 256) of caregivers who responded for their children. Additionally, a food choice task was administered to 17 children to check the scale's predictive validity.ResultsThe resulting scale, called the Child Food Rejection Scale (CFRS), included six items relating to food neophobia and five items relating to pickiness. A factor analysis confirmed the two-dimensional structure of the scale. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity were all satisfactory. Moreover, results from the food choice task showed that scores on the CFRS accurately predicted children's attitudes toward new and familiar foods.ConclusionTaken together, these findings suggest that the CFRS, a short and easy-to-administer scale, represents a valuable tool for studying food rejection tendencies in French children.     

Children's Moods,Fears and Worries Questionnaire: Validity with Young Children at Risk for Internalizing Problems

This study tested psychometric properties of the Children's Moods, Fears and Worries Questionnaire (CMFWQ) with a population sample of children at risk for developing internalizing problems. The CMFWQ was completed by 489 parents of 5‐year‐old children who had been screened for temperamental inhibition in preschools across eight government areas of Melbourne, Australia. Parents also completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Anxiety Diagnostic Interview Schedule (ADIS‐P‐IV). In this inhibited sample of children, the CMFWQ showed high internal consistency of items (α = .95). The CMFWQ demonstrated convergent validity with the SDQ ‘emotional symptoms’ subscale and discriminant validity with the ‘conduct problems’ subscale. Supporting criterion validity, the CMFWQ significantly distinguished between groups of inhibited children with versus without ADIS anxiety disorders. Psychometric properties of the CMFWQ now extend to young inhibited children who are at risk for developing internalizing problems as they grow. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

《儿童元认知问卷》的编制与修订

通过对现有元认知概念体系的分析与整合,初步确立《儿童元认知问卷》的六个基本维度:自我认知、动机信念、策略、计划、监控、调节。以此为基础编制原始问卷,对小学四~六年级学生取样测试。结果表明:修订后的问卷各题目在对应潜变量上有较高的负荷,数据与理论模型拟合良好,问卷具有较好的信度和效度。     

大学生网络使用利弊权衡问卷的编制

在前期访谈并结合国内外已有研究的基础上,编制网络成瘾领域的利弊权衡问卷(Internet Addiction Decisional Balance Questionnaire,简称IDBQ)。被试为选自北京市7所高校的1166名大学生,按大约2∶3的方式将被试随机分成两组(N₁=441,N₂=725)分别用于探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。结果表明IDBQ由好处分问卷和代价分问卷组成,其中好处分问卷维度包括放松心情、获取知识、方便交流和获得成就感;代价分问卷维度包括空虚苦恼、荒废学业、人际受损、浪费金钱。IDBQ具有良好的信度和效度指标,可以作为我国大学生网络使用利弊权衡的测量工具。