Predictors of perceived susceptibility to sport-related injury

Little is known about factors associated with perceptions of susceptibility to sport-related injuries. The purpose of the present study was to examine previous experiences with injury and personality factors as predictors of rugby players’ perceived susceptibility to injury. In line with an individual-based approach, it was hypothesized that neuroticism and global self-esteem would be related to perceived susceptibility to sport injuries over and above previous experiences with injuries. Rugby players (N = 235) were asked to report about previous experiences with injury and were administered measures of neuroticism and global self-esteem. Multiple regression analysis revealed that previous experiences with injury were positively related to perceived susceptibility to sport-related injuries. Analyses also supported that neuroticism and global self-esteem are of crucial importance in colouring perceptions of susceptibility to sport-related injury, while statistically controlling for previous injuries. Of particular interest, neuroticism predicted perceived susceptibility, over and above global self-esteem and previous experiences with injury. This study is the first to focus on determinants of perceived susceptibility to sport-related injury and supports the potential role of personality factors and individual dispositions in shaping perceived susceptibility to health problems.     

Measuring Big-Five personality dimensions with the implicit association test – Implicit personality traits or self-esteem?

We examined whether the implicit association test (IAT) could serve as an implicit measure of the dimensions of the Five-Factor Model of Personality. In the first study (N = 84) IAT-effects of the Big-Five (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness) were found and the IAT showed good internal consistencies and convergent validity with an explicit Big-Five questionnaire (NEO-FFI-30). In a second study (N = 50), conducted to determine the overlap of the personality-IATs with implicit self-esteem, the Extraversion and the Neuroticism-IAT were shown to correlate with a self-esteem-IAT only moderately.     

Effects of age and competence type on the emotions: Focusing on sadness and anger

Abstract:  The effects of age and competence type on emotional reactions were demonstrated in this study. Participants: (362 junior high-school students, 658 senior high-school students, 407 undergraduates, and 1027 adults) were asked to rate the Assumed-competence Scale, second version (ACS-2) and Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, which were prepared to classify the participants into four competence types: Omnipotent, Assumed, Self-respective, and Atrophy. They also rated their perceived emotional reactions toward negative personal and social events, and the responses were compared among age groups and competence types. Remarkable results showed that the Assumed and the Atrophy types were prominent in junior and senior high-school students. They tend to get angry toward negative personal events, and they also tend not to respond emotionally toward social events. Another result was that people in the Assumed and Omnipotent types were likely to get angry toward both personal and social events, and they were also less responsive toward social events.     

核心自我评价概念的提出及其验证性研究

自尊、控制源、一般自我效能和神经质四种人格特质都是关于个体对自我评价的概念,Judge等人认为在四种人格特质下有一个更深层次的结构,他们将其命名为核心自我评价(core self-evaluation)。本研究通过对400名企业职工的调查,结果表明有一个单一因素可以解释四种人格特质间的相关。并以大五人格和关系绩效为效标做增益效度的检验,结果表明在控制了核心自我评价对外部效标的解释后,单个特质的增益效度很低。研究结果证明了核心自我评价概念在中国文化背景下的存在。     

Analysis of the Mediating Effect of Personal-Psychological Variables on the Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Political Participation: A Structural Equations Framework

The goal of this research was to test whether the relationship between socioeconomic status and political participation is direct or mediated by personal variables such as self-esteem, locus of control, and political efficacy, and to detect how such a mediating process might operate if it exists. Two forms of participation, namely active political participation and the more passive psychological involvement of citizens in the democratic process, were treated as separate but related facets of participation. Four competing models were advanced and tested. The data were collected from 434 citizens in the north of Israel who were interviewed by questionnaire. The analysis was performed by structural equations modeling with LISREL VIII. The findings show that the relationship between socioeconomic status and political participation can be better understood as being mediated by personal variables rather than direct. This is demonstrated by the many nonsignificant paths in the direct model. The findings also reveal that active political participation and psychological involvement are distinct but related constructs, where involvement leads to active participation. In addition, all research variables were related more strongly to psychological involvement than to active political participation. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future research on political participation.     

Stability of interests across ethnicity and gender: A longitudinal examination of grades 8 through 12

RIASEC interests were assessed in grades 8, 10, and 12 on a large national sample of 69,987 college bound students. Random samples of 1000 were drawn to represent each of the major US ethnic groups (African, Asian, Native, Mexican, Latino (non Mexican), Anglo, and Multiracial Americans) and interests were examined as they varied across time, ethnicity, and gender with respect to structure, mean changes, stability, clarity, and interest-occupational choice congruence. Results indicate that the structure of interests did not vary as a function of time, gender or ethnicity. The pattern of interests was fairly stable and similar across all ethnic groups and both genders. Congruence and clarity increased in 10th grade but both decreased in 12th grade suggesting a time of re-examination.     

大学生体像烦恼与恋爱压力——自尊的中介作用*

采用青少年体像烦恼量表、自尊量表和大学生恋爱压力量表对550位大学生进行调查,建立体像烦恼、自尊和恋爱压力的结构方程,考察自尊在体像烦恼和恋爱压力之间的中介作用。结果发现：（1）大学生体像烦恼、自尊和恋爱压力之间相关显著;（2）大学生体像烦恼对自尊和恋爱压力都有显著的预测作用,对自尊的预测是负向的,对恋爱压力的预测是正向的;（3）自尊在体像烦恼和恋爱压力之间起到部分中介作用（效应值为0.417）,即体像烦恼直接对恋爱压力产生影响,也可通过自尊间接影响恋爱压力。     

初中青少年自尊发展趋势及影响因素的追踪分析

本研究采用纵向追踪设计, 从整合的视角考察了亲子关系、师生关系、学业压力以及认知自主对初中青少年自尊发展水平和趋势的影响。结果发现：(1)从初一到初三, 青少年的自尊水平和认知自主水平呈现显著的上升趋势, 师生关系亲密度呈现显著的下降趋势, 亲子关系和学业压力没有明显变化; (2)亲子关系和认知自主对初中青少年的自尊发展有着显著的促进作用, 学业压力对初中青少年的自尊发展有着明显的抑制作用, 师生关系对初中青少年的自尊发展没有明显影响。     

“民族认同，国家认同”与青少年自尊的关系

自尊被普遍认为是青少年的发展中的一个重要因素,已有研究发现它与心理幸福感呈显著的正相关,并与沮丧和绝望呈显著的负相关。就是由于自尊的心理上的重要性,所以有大量的研究来探讨它的影响因素。大多数对自尊的研究主要关注的是个体的能力和人际问的经历来作为自尊主要成分。尽管自尊的个人资源明显是很重要的,但是这样的关注忽略了自尊的群体成员方面的影响。本文就是探讨群体认同,尤其是考察民族认同和更广层面的国家认同.对少数民族青少年自尊的预测。     

Permanent Housing for Child Welfare‐Involved Families: Impact on Child Maltreatment Overview

A longitudinal randomized controlled trial tested whether access to permanent housing reduces child maltreatment among inadequately housed families under investigation for child abuse and neglect. The study followed homeless and child welfare‐involved families randomly assigned to receive a referral for housing subsidies plus housing case management (n = 75, 196 children) or housing case management alone (n = 75, 186 children). Latent growth models examined change in caregiver‐reported frequencies of psychological aggression, physical abuse, and neglect toward children at five time points across 2.5 years. Intent‐to‐treat analyses suggested treatment differences for minor assault and neglect that approached significance; families randomly assigned to permanent housing plus case management exhibited marginally greater declines compared to families referred for housing case management only. Caregiver psychological aggression remained high over time, regardless of treatment condition. No evidence indicated higher risk families benefitted more from permanent housing. Results show some promise of permanent housing and highlight the complex needs of homeless families under investigation for child maltreatment. Findings emphasize the importance of continued involvement from the child welfare system to connect families with important resources.