大学生网络社会支持与网络利他行为的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

以武汉三所高校大一至大四491名全日制大学生为被试,采用《大学生网络社会支持问卷》、《自尊量表》、《网络空间人际信任问卷》和《大学生网络利他行为量表》进行问卷调查,对大学生的网络利他行为、网络社会支持、自尊以及网络人际关系情况进行调查,探讨自尊是否在网络社会支持和网络利他行为之间存在中介作用,以及这个过程是否受到网络人际信任的调节。结果显示： （1）大学生网络社会支持能够显著正向预测网络利他行为;（2）自尊在网络社会支持和网络利他行为的关系之间起部分中介作用;（3）网络人际信任在网络社会支持与自尊之间起调节作用。即在高网络人际信任水平下,网络社会支持能正向影响个体自尊水平;在低网络人际信任水平下,网络社会支持对个体自尊的影响不显著。     

外显自尊、内隐自尊及其分离对建议采纳的影响

研究探讨了外显自尊和内隐自尊及其分离对建议采纳的影响。研究1通过测量的方式来探讨外显自尊、内隐自尊以及自尊分离对建议采纳的影响; 研究2通过启动高内隐自尊, 进一步验证自尊分离对建议采纳的影响; 研究3通过加入自我概念清晰性的测量, 考察自我概念清晰性是否中介了自尊分离对建议采纳的关系。运用回归分析、Bootstrap等方法对数据进行处理, 结果显示, 外显自尊与建议采纳成负相关, 内隐自尊与建议采纳的相关不显著; 自尊分离时, 建议采纳程度越高, 这种现象在低外显/高内隐的自尊种类下更显著; 而自我概念清晰性部分中介了自尊分离对建议采纳的影响。     

老年人依恋对主观幸福感的影响:孤独感与自尊的中介作用

采用亲密关系经历量表（ECR）、UCLA孤独量表、罗森伯格自尊量表和纽芬兰纪念大学幸福感量表（MUNSH）对311名老年人进行调查,探讨老年人依恋对主观幸福感的影响,以及孤独感和自尊的中介作用。结果发现：（1）孤独感在依恋焦虑对主观幸福感的影响中起部分中介作用,孤独感在依恋回避对主观幸福感的影响中起完全中介作用;自尊在依恋焦虑、依恋回避对主观幸福感的影响中不起中介作用;（2）孤独感、自尊在依恋焦虑、依恋回避对主观幸福感的影响中起链式中介作用。     

自尊研究的现状与问题

自尊概念从诞生以来一直受到不同领域研究者的广泛关注。但在诸多研究和理论的推进之下, 对于其概念内涵与外延的界定并没有达成统一, 与相关概念之间也存在一定程度的混淆与误用。研究以历史为线索, 对自尊概念发展进程中最具影响力的几种观点进行了总结与评述, 并对相关概念进行了比较与辨析。在此基础上, 研究还对现阶段自尊研究的热点话题--真实自尊的概念进行了梳理, 明确了其与虚假自尊或过分追求的自尊之间的本质差异, 即自尊的权变性与条件性, 以期为后续实证研究的展开提供依据。     

D’Holbach on self-esteem and the moral economy of oppression

Recently, the idea that our desire for the esteem of others could function as a regulative principle of social life has been criticized because the economy of esteem could reinforce oppressive structures due to expressions of mutual esteem within oppressing groups with deviant group norms. This article discusses this problem from a historical point of view, focusing on the moral and political writings of the eighteenth-century French materialist Paul Thiry d’Holbach. D’Holbach’s thoughts are relevant in two respects: (1) For situations of extreme power and wealth differences within oppressing groups, he shows that the economy of esteem does not work in favour of the members of these groups. This is so because the conditions of esteem and self-esteem of the members with lower hierarchical standing tend to be precarious, while the members with higher standing cannot use the flatteries of their inferiors as credible sources of esteem. (2) D’Holbach concedes that self-esteem could be stabilized by refraining from self-reflection but argues that such a strategy comes at the price of an impaired capacity for protecting one’s natural needs. The upshot of his considerations is that our interest in esteem and self-esteem provides strong pragmatic and moral reasons for opposing oppression.     

年轻男同性恋者内化同性恋嫌恶与主观幸福感的关系：自尊与孤独感的中介效应

通过网络抽样法,采用内化同性恋嫌恶量表、自尊量表、孤独感量表、主观幸福感量表对249名年轻男同性恋者进行调查,考察当代国内年轻男同性恋者内化同性恋嫌恶的现状,并探讨内化同性恋嫌恶与主观幸福感的关系及自尊与孤独感在其间的中介效应。结果表明：（1）总体上,国内年轻男同性恋者内化同性恋嫌恶处于中等偏低水平,且有较大比例年轻男同性恋者不存在内化同性恋嫌恶。（2）内化同性恋嫌恶与积极情感、生活满意度显著负相关,与消极情感显著正相关。（3）自尊与孤独感在内化同性恋嫌恶与主观幸福感间起完全中介作用。（4）内化同性恋嫌恶通过影响自尊间接影响孤独感,又通过影响孤独感作用于主观幸福感。     

初中生创造性人格与说谎行为的联系:自尊的作用*

创造力一直被普遍视为促进社会与个人进步的积极力量,但对其消极后果却所知甚少。研究从创造力的阴暗面入手,以123名初二学生为被试,探讨了创造性人格与个体说谎行为的联系,并进一步考察了外显/内隐自尊结构在其中发挥的区别性作用。结果表明:(1)初中生的创造性人格与其说谎行为出现的可能性呈显著正相关,为创造力与道德的关系提供了更充分的证据;(2) 外显自尊与内隐自尊是两个独立的结构;(3) 不同自尊结构组被试创造性人格与说谎行为的相关程度不存在显著差异,自尊结构在创造性人格与说谎行为之间未发现明显的调节作用。     

Using aspiration levels in an interior primal-dual multiobjective linear programming algorithm

We introduce in this paper a new multiple-objective linear programming (MOLP) algorithm. The algorithm is based on the single-objective path-following primal—dual linear programming algorithm and combines it with aspiration levels and the use of achievement scalarizing functions. The resulting algorithm falls in the class of interactive MOLP algorithms, as it requires interaction with the decision maker (DM) during the iterative process to obtain statements of aspirations for levels of objectives of the MOLP problem. The interior point algorithm is then used to trace a path of interates from a current (interior) solution and approach as closely as desired a non-dominated solution corresponding to the optimum of the achievement scalarizing function. The timing of the interaction with the DM is dependent on the progress of the interior algorithm. It can take place every few, pre-specified, iterations or after the duality gap achieved for the stated aspirations has fallen below a certain threshold. It is expected that an interior algorithm will speed up the overall process of searching and finding the most preferred MOLP solution—especially in large-scale problems—by avoiding the need for numerous pivot operations and their corresponding interactive sessions inherent in simplex-based algorithms.     

自尊结构研究的发展趋势

近年来,自尊结构的研究领域内出现了一些新进展,主要表现在：（1）内隐自尊研究的逐步兴起;（2）由注重总体自尊的研究到注重研究自尊的结构和具体自尊;（3）注重对自尊稳定性维度的分析研究;（4）注重对自尊结构的跨文化研究。这些都为我们理解和探讨自尊结构提供了新的观点和视角。文章综述了该研究领域的进展,并对今后的自尊结构研究作了展望。     

The role of long-term familiarity and attentional maintenance in short-term memory for timbre

We study short-term recognition of timbre using familiar recorded tones from acoustic instruments and unfamiliar transformed tones that do not readily evoke sound-source categories. Participants indicated whether the timbre of a probe sound matched with one of three previously presented sounds (item recognition). In Exp. 1, musicians better recognised familiar acoustic compared to unfamiliar synthetic sounds, and this advantage was particularly large in the medial serial position. There was a strong correlation between correct rejection rate and the mean perceptual dissimilarity of the probe to the tones from the sequence. Exp. 2 compared musicians' and non-musicians' performance with concurrent articulatory suppression, visual interference, and with a silent control condition. Both suppression tasks disrupted performance by a similar margin, regardless of musical training of participants or type of sounds. Our results suggest that familiarity with sound source categories and attention play important roles in short-term memory for timbre, which rules out accounts solely based on sensory persistence.