青少年情绪调节策略的结构与测量

情绪调节策略是个体应对消极情绪的重要手段,对个体身心发展起着重要的作用。通过采用文献综述和实证分析相结合的方法编制符合我国青少年实际的情绪调节策略量表。量表包括认知重评、积极设想、求助他人、行为转移、自我责备、沉思默想、自我压抑、发泄不满和攻击他人九个维度。对量表进行信效度检验的结果表明,该量表具有良好的信度效度指标。     

硕士生就业压力源、人格、情绪调节策略与负性情绪的关系

该研究以某985高校550名硕士毕业生为样本,编制、修订了相关问卷或量表,通过数据分析探讨了就业压力源对就业过程产生的负性情绪的直接效应及人格、情绪调解策略等中介变量的效应。结果发现,就业压力源、神经质性对负性情绪有显著直接效应,就业压力源通过人格的神经质性维度对负性情绪产生显著间接效应;神经质性的影响程度大于就业压力源的影响程度。关于负性情绪,未发现情绪调节策略对其有显著的直接效应或中介效应。     

焦虑调节：接受策略与表达抑制、认知重评策略之比较

情绪调节策略研究已经成为近年来心理学研究的热点课题。回顾近十年来关于焦虑的情绪调节策略研究,重点介绍了其中有着新理念、新视角的情绪调节策略——接受策略,并将其与表达抑制和认知重评两种情绪调节策略进行对比,发现接受策略对于焦虑而言是一种有效的调节策略,而且初步得出其作用效果优于表达抑制策略,但可能不及认知重评策略。最后从情绪调节策略的研究趋势、情绪调节策略对心理治疗和心理健康教育等的潜在价值三个方面进行了探讨。     

青少年气质对其情绪调节的影响：教师情感能力的作用

青少年情绪调节近年来受到越来越多研究的关注,但环境变量是如何通过个体内变量对情绪调节施加影响还不清楚,我们现在采用多层线性模型探索教师情感能力在青少年学生气质影响其情绪调节中的作用。研究选取7-12年级1385名男女学生,和对应的36名班主任,分别施测学生问卷--情绪调节问卷、青少年早期气质问卷和教师情感能力问卷。结果表明：在学生水平,认知重评与气质维度的努力控制和亲和性正相关,与激情负相关;抑制只和负性情感正相关。在教师水平,教师的情感管理减弱了激情和亲和性对认知重评的影响,而教师的情感沟通增加了亲和性对认知重评的影响;教师的情感管理增强了负性情感对抑制的作用,反而教师情感理解降低了负性情感对抑制的作用。因此,气质的不同维度对学生情绪调节的影响不同,教师情感能力的不同方面对这种影响发挥着不同的调控作用。提示在开展情感教学过程中,对不同气质学生选择不同的情感策略有利于提高学生情绪调节的效果。     

对恐怖情绪的调节:认知重评和表达抑制的差异——一项ERP研究

本研究采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术,通过测量由视觉诱发的脑电成分晚正波(LPP)来比较情绪调节策略在生理电特征上的差异,探讨认知重评和表达抑制的优劣。实验结果表明:(1)从波幅的角度来比较:在400—600ms时间窗口内,认知重评条件下恐怖图片诱发的LPP波幅显著小于在自由观看条件下的波幅,而表达抑制和自由观看组所诱发的LPP波幅差异较小。(2)从时间进程的角度来比较:认知重评与自由观看组的差异发生在400ms并持续到600ms;而表达抑制和自由观看之间的差异发生在450ms但是只持续到550ms。这表明认知重评相较于表达抑制,对负性情绪起调节作用开始较早,并且持续时间较长。这为认知重评优于表达抑制策略提供了神经生理学上的证据。     

Culturally adapted CBT (CA-CBT) for Latino women with treatment-resistant PTSD: a pilot study comparing CA-CBT to applied muscle relaxation

We examined the therapeutic efficacy of a culturally adapted form of CBT (CA-CBT) for PTSD as compared to applied muscle relaxation (AMR) for female Latino patients with treatment-resistant PTSD. Participants were randomized to receive either CA-CBT (n = 12) or AMR (n = 12), and were assessed before treatment, after treatment, and at a 12-week follow-up. The treatments were manualized and delivered in the form of group therapy across 14 weekly sessions. Assessments included a measure of PTSD, anxiety, culturally relevant idioms of distress (nervios and ataque de nervios), and emotion regulation ability. Patients receiving CA-CBT improved significantly more than in the AMR condition. Effect size estimates showed very large reductions in PTSD symptoms from pretreatment to posttreatment in the CA-CBT group (Cohen’s d = 2.6) but only modest improvements in the AMR group (0.8). These results suggest that CA-CBT can be beneficial for previously treatment-resistant PTSD in Latino women.     

Emotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology: a prospective study

Background

Emotion regulation deficits have been consistently linked to psychopathology in cross-sectional studies. However, the direction of the relationship between emotion regulation and psychopathology is unclear. This study examined the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between emotion regulation deficits and psychopathology in adolescents.

Methods

Emotion dysregulation and symptomatology (depression, anxiety, aggressive behavior, and eating pathology) were assessed in a large, diverse sample of adolescents (N = 1065) at two time points separated by seven months. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between emotion dysregulation and symptoms of psychopathology.

Results

The three distinct emotion processes examined here (emotional understanding, dysregulated expression of sadness and anger, and ruminative responses to distress) formed a unitary latent emotion dysregulation factor. Emotion dysregulation predicted increases in anxiety symptoms, aggressive behavior, and eating pathology after controlling for baseline symptoms but did not predict depressive symptoms. In contrast, none of the four types of psychopathology predicted increases in emotion dysregulation after controlling for baseline emotion dysregulation.

Conclusions

Emotion dysregulation appears to be an important transdiagnostic factor that increases risk for a wide range of psychopathology outcomes in adolescence. These results suggest targets for preventive interventions during this developmental period of risk.     

The development of the still-face effect: Mothers do matter

The Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm (FFSF) has been used to investigate how infants react to stressful events. However, there is little developmental data on the FFSF effect, and whether it connects to a specific relationship (e.g., to a mother versus a stranger). This prospective longitudinal study aims to evaluate developmental changes in infant reaction to the FFSF presented by the mother or a stranger at 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of age (n = 39). Results show that infant negativity was expressed less in relation to a stranger, the identity effect. Results further suggest that from 6 to 8 months of age, stranger induced protest flattens out; whereas mother induced protest decreases. The results are discussed in relation to different theories regarding infant responsiveness.     

Social brain development and the affective consequences of ostracism in adolescence

Recent structural and functional imaging studies have provided evidence for continued development of brain regions involved in social cognition during adolescence. In this paper, we review this rapidly expanding area of neuroscience and describe models of neurocognitive development that have emerged recently. One implication of these models is that neural development underlies commonly observed adolescent phenomena such as susceptibility to peer influence and sensitivity to peer rejection. Experimental behavioural evidence of rejection sensitivity in adolescence is currently sparse. Here, we describe a study that directly compared the affective consequences of an experimental ostracism manipulation (Cyberball) in female adolescents and adults. The ostracism condition led to significantly greater affective consequences in the adolescents compared with adults. This suggests that the ability to regulate distress resulting from ostracism continues to develop between adolescence and adulthood. The results are discussed in the context of models of neurocognitive development.     

情绪调节自我效能感:一个新的研究主题

情绪调节自我效能感是个体对能否有效调节自身情绪状态的一种自信程度,它会直接或间接影响各种社会心理功能。目前,已经就情绪调节自我效能感与主观幸福感、抑郁、压力应对等方面开展了相应的实证研究,结果表明情绪调节自我效能感与心理健康关系密切。此外,有研究表明,在不同文化中,情绪调节自我效能感在结构上略有差异,在功能上相似。情绪调节自我效能感作为一个新的研究领域具有广阔的前景。