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921.
The psychotic dispositions of Schreber, Perceval, and Van Gogh are considered. Four characteristics appear to run through their psychoses, and these are identified and illustrated: (1) Negation, (2) persecutory belief, (3) obedience to a transcendental command, and (4) evangelism/martyrdom. Three of the elements have been identified previously, but evangelism/martyrdom is identified here for the first time. The characteristics tend to move in a linear direction, each reinforcing the psychotic state. Therapy requires a disruption of the path, whether through biochemical or psychosocial means or both. 相似文献
922.
Lawrence J. Stricker Donald A. Rock 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》1998,6(3):164-184
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of biographical inventories free of the limitations common to many current biographical measures by constructing and validating an inventory composed of homogeneous scales, with item content that is factual and fair, to assess personality traits predictive of leadership. The experimental inventory, with tentative scales for Dominance, Emotional Stability, Need for Achievement, Self-Confidence, and Sociability, was administered to incoming midshipmen at the US Naval Academy and item analyzed. The validity of the final scales was appraised against subsequent peer ratings of the traits and of leadership shortly after entering the Academy; military performance grades, and midshipman rank and leadership position at the Academy; and recommendations for promotion after graduating and serving as an officer. The Sociability, Dominance, and Need for Achievement scales demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity, and all of the scales except Self-Confidence correlated with the leadership criteria. The Sociability scale’s consistent correlations with several of the leadership criteria, including a nontrivial correlation (r = 0.28) with the leadership peer rating, implies that this measure may be useful in assessing leadership potential. 相似文献
923.
Robert Reid George J. DuPaul Thomas J. Power Arthur D. Anastopoulos Diana Rogers-Adkinson Mary-Beth Noll Cynthia Riccio 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1998,26(3):187-198
Behavior rating scales are commonly used in the assessment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is little information available concerning the extent to which scales are valid with culturally different students. This study explored the use of the ADHD-IV Rating Scale School Version with male Caucasian (CA) and African American (AA) students from ages 5 to 18 years. Teachers rated AA students higher on all symptoms across all age groups. LISREL analysis indicated that scale does not perform identically across groups. This was supported by the results of multidimensional scaling with suggested that there is a different relation between items across groups. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
924.
Julie A. Frobel Smithee Rafael Klorman Joan T. Brumaghim Agneta D. Borgstedt 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1998,26(4):233-245
Twenty-six children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) participated in a double-blind trial consisting of 2 consecutive weeks each of placebo and methylphenidate (M = 26.92 mg/day = 0.78 mg/kg/day). As expected, stimulant therapy resulted in moderate weight loss, increased somatic complaints, and teacher and parent reports of reduced inattentiveness, aggression, and oppositionality. In both phases of the trial, patients were tested in a choice reaction time task assessing two aspects of the task that presumably affect response selection: response frequency (ratio of targets/nontargets = 25/75 vs. 50/50) and stimulus sequence (alternations vs. repetitions). Both manipulations yielded expected results on performance and event-related potentials (ERPs). Stimulant treatment increased accuracy and speed among younger children and curtailed variability of reaction time for the sample as a whole. However, methylphenidate did not affect ERPs. In combination, the results imply that the enhancement of performance by methylphenidate does not involve the demands of response selection examined in this study. 相似文献
925.
考试应付与相关因素的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究运用测量的方法考察了 1 0 0个大学生考试前后的应付方式以及人格、社会支持等因素对应付方式选择的影响作用。结果发现 ,考试应付与情景变化、人格特点和社会支持等因素有关。其中自尊、外向和低精神质人格特点与解决问题指向应付方式使用相关 ,低掩饰性与悲观人格特点与幻想、发泄、否认的消极应付方式使用相关。社会支持在应付中是一种重要的辅助资源 ,缺乏社会支持资源 ,考试过程中倾向于使用自闭的消极应付方式 ,社会支持资源丰富 ,则倾向于使用寻求社会支持的积极应付方式。 相似文献
926.
山东省公民心理素质现状调查与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究以“Y-G人格测验”为工具 ,采取分层随机抽样方法 ,对山东省部分地区公民心理素质进行了较为广泛的调查。结果显示目前该省公民心理素质存在以下几个问题 :(1 )情绪不够稳定 ;(2 )社会适应性较差 :(3 )偏于内向。文章提出了改善公民心理素质的教育对策和建议。 相似文献
927.
Laurie Fields 《Journal of Psychotherapy Integration》1998,8(3):161-172
This article reports on the integrated application of cognitive therapy, transactional analysis techniques, and the behavioral technique of response prevention using self-instructional training and behavioral substitution in a brief therapy approach. These methods were applied in the case of a young man who presented with compulsions to perform repetitive and ordering rituals with the belief that it would prevent his girlfriend from becoming pregnant. A 21-year-old white male who had performed 3 to 5 hours of rituals daily for several years was able to eliminate the majority of his compulsive behaviors and reduce his level of anxiety after eight clinical therapy sessions. Results were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The clear precipitating factors and the unusual maintaining variables for the disorder in the client are described. The author discusses the case in light of current theoretical, therapeutic, and biomedical understandings of the disorder. 相似文献
928.
This paper reviews evidence that behavioral family interventions are effective at improving child-rearing in distressed families and families with children exhibiting disruptive behavior. Essential therapeutic strategies offered within a collaborative therapeutic process are identified. Exemplary materials for parents and clinicians are identified. Differences between behavioral family interventions and two popular press parenting approaches are highlighted, including the lack of empirical support for these widely used programs and the advice they offer which runs counter to behavioral approaches. Recommendations are offered for combining behavioral family interventions with other empirically supported approaches, promoting more widespread use of empirically supported treatments, such as behavioral family interventions, and the need for a public health perspective on family functioning, involving collaboration among clinicians, policy makers, and researchers. 相似文献
929.
超常儿童心理与教育研究15年 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14
中国超常儿童心理与教育的研究15年来收获如下:在理论方面:1.超常与常态儿童在不同的认知方面差异的显著性,认知构成的模式特点、及发展趋势均有不同。2.超常儿童的个性倾向和特征具有明显特点,但发展不平衡,表现为3种类型;个性特征与学习成绩相关密切。3.超常儿童的成长过程可概括为4种类型。4.超常儿童心理成分不限于高智力、创造力,还包括良好发展的个性倾向和特征。在应用方面:研究结果在鉴别和教育超常儿童等方面进行了应用和检验。 相似文献
930.