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21.
采用“中国学校课程教学调查项目”中1811名八年级学生及其家长作为样本进行调查,探讨家庭社会经济地位与数学成绩的关系,考察亲子沟通和学业自我效能感的作用机制。结果显示:(1)家庭社会经济地位显著正向影响数学成绩;(2)亲子沟通、学业自我效能感在家庭社会经济地位与数学成绩之间起部分中介作用;(3)亲子沟通、学业自我效能感在家庭社会经济地位与数学成绩之间具有链式中介作用。 相似文献
22.
Timothy W. Smith Carlene Deits‐Lebehn Paula G. Williams Brian R. W. Baucom Bert N. Uchino 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2020,14(3)
Theory and research on self‐regulation, emotional adjustment, and interpersonal processes focus increasingly on parasympathetic functioning, using measures of vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) or respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). This review describes models of vmHRV in these areas, and issues in measurement and analysis. We propose a framework organizing theory and research as examining (a) vmHRV as an individual difference or a situational response, and (b) resting, reactive, or recovery levels. Evidence supports interpretation of individual differences in resting vmHRV as a broad biomarker for adaptive functioning, but its specificity and underlying mechanisms require elaboration. Individual differences in vagal reactivity (i.e., trait‐like differences in vmHRV decreases during challenge or stress) are less commonly studied in adults and results are mixed. Many stressors and challenges evoke temporary decreases in vmHRV, and in some research self‐regulatory effort evokes increases. In a smaller literature, positive interpersonal experiences and some restorative processes increase resting vmHRV, whereas depletion of self‐regulatory capacity through related effort decreases it. Greater attention to conceptual distinctions regarding vmHRV constructs and several methodological issues will strengthen future research. Importantly, researchers should exercise caution in equating vmHRV with specific psychosocial constructs, especially in the absence of converging assessments and precise experimental manipulations. 相似文献
23.
24.
Bertram D. Cohen 《Group》2002,26(3):189-204
The group self, an individual's self-perception as a member of a group, is distinguished from the group's self, a personification of the group as a person with a self. The perceived group's self of an opposing other group is often a repository for attributes group members are not ready to recognize in their own group's self. Theoretically, the need for an adversarial other to hold one's own group's unwanted attributes—and thus to complete one's own group's self—contributes, however unconsciously, to the apparent intractability of intergroup disputes. In dealing with these issues, I compare intergroup conflict resolution (ICR) groups with therapy groups, on the one hand, and advocacy groups on the other. All of this sets the stage for a presentation of two ICR projects and their analysis in group-developmental terms. 相似文献
25.
Sidoli M 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2000,45(2):159-175
This paper outlines a constellation around birth in our society that is related to advanced western medicine and the way that families move around the globe. It describes a brief therapy with a three-year-old child who was diagnosed as autistic, and a mother who resorted to 'heroic' defences against the anxiety of being unsupported in a strange country. The therapist undertook to process the catastrophic experiences of the birth as expressed in the child's play and transform the accompanying monstrous fantasies into human experiences and thoughts. By providing a maternal container for both mother and child, the therapist was able to dissolve the couple's negative enmeshment and help create a space in the mother's mind in which she could process her own feelings, and thereby process and understand the child's feelings and communications. 相似文献
26.
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often treated with central nervous system stimulants, making the evaluation of medication effects an important topic for applied behavior analysts. Because assessment protocols emphasize informant reports and direct observations of child behavior, little is known about the extent to which children themselves can accurately report medication effects. Double-blind placebo-controlled procedures were used to examine whether 6 children with ADHD could recognize the effects of their medication. The children were given math worksheets to complete for 15 min during each of 14 sessions while on medication and placebo. Children completed a self-evaluation form at the end of each session, and ratings were compared to observed behavior and academic performance. Results indicated that 3 children were able to accurately report their medication status at levels greater than chance, whereas the accuracy of reports by all children was related to dosage level, differences in behavior, and the presence of adverse effects. The implications of these results for placebo-controlled research, self-monitoring of dosage levels, and accuracy training are discussed. 相似文献
27.
Willi Butollo 《Journal of Psychotherapy Integration》2000,10(4):357-374
Out of the many aspects of posttraumatic adaptation the role of self-process is emphasized, where self is conceptualized as the representation of social interaction: Not only the messages conveyed by others, but also a person's inner response to that messages, forms ongoing self-processes. Traumatic experiences lead to distorted self-processes, to a great extent due to posttraumatic inner dialogues. Therapeutic implications and experiences from Bosnia are discussed, where this model has been applied. 相似文献
28.
Mathew M 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2005,50(3):383-393
Abstract: Taking inspiration from a quotation by Lao Tzu, this paper considers 'reverie' as a dynamic process of containment as well as a state of mind. Reverie as a quality of thought akin to prayer is explored in the relationship between self and other. In infant observation, the paper contemplates the development of a baby's capacity to reach beyond the personal world to an archetypal experience of being held, where the creation of an internal space in mind could indicate the beginnings of spiritual awareness. 'Maternal/analytic reverie' views the passage of unconscious communication between patient and analyst as the result of a 'window' opening in the meniscus of the analyst's self. 'Paternal/supervisory reverie' reflects on the impact on a patient of an extra containing mind of a supervisor. 'Archetypal reverie' considers the transforming impact of numinous dreams on the psyche, and reflects on the power of prayer. Drawing on clinical examples from these four areas, the aim is to demonstrate the usefulness of the 'void within' and the perceptive function of emptiness in the 'doors and windows' of our mind. 相似文献
29.
Bates BR 《Journal of genetic counseling》2005,14(6):423-434
Critics of genetic discourse are concerned that deterministic and discriminatory views of genetics are increasingly becoming
adopted. These views argue that current genetic discourse becomes a source of power whereby powerful institutions harm people
with so-called “bad” genes. This essay argues that current analyses of the power of genetics discourse are grounded in an
improper reading that disempowers patients. Deploying Michel Foucault's concept “care of the self,” this essay claims that
genetics discourse is better understood as a way that patients take on power through rhetoric rather than a force that has
power over patients. Through a close reading of the “My Family Health Portrait” program, this paper argues that patients experience
a process of “subjection” wherein they become agents of and objects of genetics discourse both. This alternative mode of analyzing
the power of genetics discourse has implications for our collective understanding of the operations of the care of the self
and the uses of genetic information that we propose. 相似文献
30.
Gurry F 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(1):13-20
Intellectual property has historically been a self-contained policy at the international level. With the introduction of the
TRIPs Agreement in 1994 and developments since the conclusion of the TRIPs Agreement, the relationship between intellectual
property policy and other areas of public policy has become much more complex and interactive. This shift reflects the centrality
of intellectual property in the knowledge economy, the rapid development of enabling technologies, notably the Internet and
biotechnology, and the advent of the networked society. The consequences of this shift are manifold and herald the increased
sophistication and complexity that may be expected of intellectual property regimes in the knowledge economy.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “The Ethics of Intellectual Property Rights
and Patents,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 23–24 April, 2004. 相似文献