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281.
282.
Lisa A. Hom Tomas J. Silber Kathleen Ennis-Durstine Mary Anne Hilliard Gerard R. Martin 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2016,16(1):11-17
Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) screening is rapidly becoming the standard of care in the United States after being added to the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP) in 2011. Newborn screens typically do not require affirmative parental consent. In fact, most states allow parents to exempt their baby from receiving the required screen on the basis of religious or personally held beliefs. There are many ethical considerations implicated with allowing parents to exempt their child from newborn screening for CCHD. Considerations include the treatment of religious exemptions in our current legal system, as well as medical and ethical principles in relation to the rights of infants. Although there are significant benefits to screening newborns for CCHD, when a parent refuses for religious or personal beliefs, in the case of CCHD screening, the parental decision should stand. 相似文献
283.
Vincent J. Fogliati Matthew D. Terides Milena Gandy Lauren G. Staples Luke Johnston Eyal Karin 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2016,45(3):236-257
The Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) is a brief, three-item measure designed as a screening tool for social anxiety disorder (SAD). This study investigated the Mini-SPIN’s psychometric properties in a series of trials of Internet-delivered treatment. Participants were 993 people seeking Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for a range of anxiety and mood disorders. Participants completed the Mini-SPIN, and were diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Version 5.0.0 (MINI). They also completed measures of depression, general anxiety, panic, neuroticism and general impairment. The Mini-SPIN’s ability to discriminate between people with and without SAD, within a large sample of people seeking treatment for a range of psychological disorders, was assessed at initial assessment and three-month follow-up. The Mini-SPIN’s criterion group validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct validity and responsiveness to treatment were also examined. Results demonstrated that the Mini-SPIN has an excellent ability to discriminate between those with and without SAD in a highly comorbid clinical sample, and also has good criterion group validity. The Mini-SPIN also exhibited excellent internal consistency, good test–retest reliability, and was responsive to treatment. These results highlight the Mini-SPIN’s potential as an efficient and reliable measure of SAD in heterogenous populations. 相似文献
284.
We present a Finland-Swedish adaptation of the Sweden-Swedish group screening test for dyslexia for adults and young adults DUVAN (Lundberg & Wolff, 2003) together with normative data from 143 Finland-Swedish university students. The test is based on the widely held phonological deficit hypothesis of dyslexia and consists of a self-report and five subtests tapping phonological working memory, phonological representation, phonological awareness, and orthographic skill. We describe the test adaptation procedure and show that the internal reliability of the new test version is comparable to the original one. Our results indicate that the language background (Swedish, Finnish, early simultaneous Swedish-Finnish bilingualism) should be taken into account when interpreting the results on the Finland-Swedish DUVAN test. We show that the FS-DUVAN differentiates a group of students with dyslexia diagnosis from normals, and that a low performance on the FS-DUVAN correlates with a positive self-report on familial dyslexia and with a history of special education in school. Finally, we analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the FS-DUVAN for dyslexia among university students. 相似文献
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286.
西方(以美国为代表)逐步形成了一套符合自身特点的成人学习不良筛查与诊断模式。文章讨论了筛查与诊断的关系,介绍了成人学习不良筛查与诊断的基本环节,以及筛查与诊断工具的选择与评估标准,并在对西方成人学习不良筛查与诊断模式特点的分析基础上,对建立我国成人学习不良测评体系提出了建议。 相似文献
287.
Jessica E. Cooke Rachel Eirich Nicole Racine Karlen Lyons-Ruth Sheri Madigan 《Infant mental health journal》2020,41(3):299-312
Resulting from a community-identified need for a well-validated indicator of caregiving difficulties for use in practice settings, a brief form of the Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification System (AMBIANCE) was developed for use as a screening instrument. Prior to its dissemination, this study aimed to assess the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the AMBIANCE-Brief. Adolescent mother–infant dyads (N = 69) participated in the Strange Situation Procedure, as well as play sessions with and without toys. Maternal disrupted caregiving was coded from the play sessions using the AMBIANCE and AMBIANCE-Brief. The AMBIANCE-Brief demonstrated convergent validity with the AMBIANCE in the play session with toys (r = .65, p < .001) and without toys (r = .61, p < .001). Concurrent validity of the AMBIANCE-Brief was also demonstrated in relation to infant attachment disorganization in the play session with toys (r = .36, p < .05) and without toys (r = .32, p < .01). These findings suggest a shorter protocol for assessing disrupted caregiving may be feasible and valid for use in community settings. Future studies are in progress to train community practitioners in the use of the AMBIANCE-Brief and to evaluate their reliability. 相似文献
288.
宫颈癌的发病率居女性恶性肿瘤的第二位,只要做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗,宫颈癌是一种可以预防和治愈的疾病。认真地做好宫颈癌的普查和随诊,能够降低宫颈癌的发病率和病死率。因为宫颈液基细胞学设备简单,方法便利,阳性检出率高,目前已成为基层医疗单位开展宫颈癌普查的重要手段。提倡宫颈癌的普查是对全社会育龄妇女健康的关怀,是医学人文精神的具体体现。全社会的妇女都应享有这种人文关怀。 相似文献
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290.
Geoffrey L. Thorpe Elaine McMillan Sandra T. Sigmon Lindsay R. Owings Rachel Dawson Pamela Bouman 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2007,25(3):175-189
Assessment of irrational beliefs by such measures as the Common Beliefs Survey III (CBS) has traditionally relied upon classical
test theory assumptions, in which the properties of specific test items are less important than the total test score as the
aggregate of all item responses. An alternative approach using item response theory (IRT) methodology allows one to specify
the parameters of difficulty and discrimination for each test item. Difficulty levels of CBS items range along a continuum of irrationality, the implied latent trait measured by responses to the questionnaire as a whole. We evaluated the CBS responses of 605 individuals
from clinical and college settings, drawing from current and archival data. The original Likert scale ratings were recoded
into dichotomous scores. Fourteen of the 54 items were highly or very highly discriminating in distinguishing respondents
with high and low irrationality levels. However, discriminating items exhibited a very narrow range of difficulty; most functioned
at a point a little above the halfway mark on the continuum of irrationality. Item characteristic curves and test information
curves were very similar for female (n = 424) and male (n = 179) respondents. We derived a 4-item screening test for irrationality from our IRT analyses of the 54 CBS items. Further
test development, focused on the selection and scaling of items with a much broader range of difficulty, would facilitate
evaluation of the hierarchical structure of irrational beliefs.
Portions of this paper were presented at the 39th Annual Convention of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies,
Washington, DC, November, 2005. 相似文献