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111.
抗生素是广泛用于治疗感染性疾病最常用的药品之一,但在应用过程中滥用现象愈演愈烈,这不仅造成药品的严重浪费,还增加细菌耐药性的产生,对社会造成巨大的危害。通过对其现象、后果及原因的分析,提出了控制抗生素滥用的建议。 相似文献
112.
Peter Cane 《The Journal of Ethics》2006,10(1-2):21-51
The famous mid-20th century debate between Patrick Devlin and Herbert Hart about the relationship between law and morality
addressed the limits of the criminal law in the context of a proposal by the Wolfenden Committee to decriminalize male homosexual
activity in private. The original exchanges and subsequent contributions to the debate have been significantly constrained
by the terms in which the debate was framed: a focus on criminal law in general and sexual offences in particular; a preoccupation
with the so-called “harm principle,” a sharp delineation of the realms of law and morality, and a static conception of the
relationship between them. This article explores the limitations imposed by these various starting-points and argues for a
holistic and symbiotic understanding of the relationship between law and morality.
* Thanks to Tony Connolly, Leighton McDonald and Niki Lacey for penetrating and suggestive comments on previous versions. 相似文献
113.
J. Angelo Corlett 《The Journal of Ethics》2006,10(1-2):131-191
This paper is offered as a tribute to Joel Feinberg. The first section of the paper applies Feinberg’s analysis of freedom
of expression to a contemporary case of academic freedom. The second section engages Feinberg’s work on rights and punishment.
The paper ends with numerous quotations from Feinberg’s vast array of writings, words that express his ideas on a number of
important problems that occupied his mind throughout his fruitful and influential career. 相似文献
114.
内隐学习在第二语言语音学习中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究以大学生为被试,用符合德语读音规则的人造无意义单词(含4~5个音素)为刺激材料,采用强分离程序———匹配和编辑,并增设时间变量,比较了在先匹配后编辑,先编辑后匹配,只匹配,只编辑4种不同内隐、外显学习方式下被试对语音规则的掌握。结果表明,语音学习中存在内隐学习的优势效应,内隐与外显结合的学习方式最好。此外,实验证实了语音的内隐学习也存在长时效应。 相似文献
115.
Douglas MacCutcheon Anders Hurtig Florian Pausch Staffan Hygge Janina Fels Robert Ljung 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2019,31(2):175-185
The acoustic qualities of a room can have a deleterious effect on the quality of speech signals. The acoustic measurement of reverberation time (RT) has shown to impact second language (L2) speech comprehension positively when lower due to release from spectral and temporal masking effects as well as top-down processing factors. This auralization experiment investigated the benefits of better L2 vocabulary and executive function (updating) skills during L2 listening comprehension tests under shorter versus longer RT conditions (0.3 and 0.9?s). 57 bilingual university students undertook L2 vocabulary, number updating and L2 listening comprehension tests. After splitting groups into high/low vocabulary and updating groups, a mixed ANOVA was conducted. The high number updating group showed no significant differences or interactions in L2 listening comprehension than the lower number updating group across RT conditions. The high vocabulary group had 22% better L2 listening comprehension than the low vocabulary group in long RT, and 9% better in short RT. A significant benefit in L2 listening comprehension due to release from reverberation was only evident in the high vocabulary group. Results indicate that the benefit of good room acoustics for listening comprehension is greatest for those with better language (vocabulary) ability. 相似文献
116.
Ethics committees (ECs) regulate research activities to maintain research participants' autonomy and to protect them from harm and injury. No research to date attempted to establish how much risk is involved in social‐science research. Using a survey approach, we set out to estimate the risk of being involved in an incident for research participants in legal psychology and assessed researchers' views of ECs. Fifty‐nine of 188 respondents (31%) stated that they had experienced one or more incidents with a participant. The estimated risk of being involved in an incident was one to three per 10,000 participants, which according to biomedical standards defines a rare risk. Although some researchers were satisfied with their EC, the general tenor was one of discontent due to conservative decision‐making, lacking expertise, and overstepping demands. Whether ECs succeed in protecting participants from loss of autonomy, harm and injury are unknown but are open to empirical research. 相似文献
117.
Paul Duckett Marguerite Schinkel 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2008,18(5):518-526
In this short paper, we consider the partnership between psychology and the criminal justice system in Western societies and critically reflect on the notion of criminal justice as expressed in such a system. Focusing on how the criminal justice system operates in the UK, and in particular in Scotland, we consider the way the system criminalizes those who previously have been socially and economically disadvantaged. We ask whether community psychology has become negligent in the attention it brings to such a pernicious form of victim blaming and as such has shown insufficient critical engagement with systems that create social harm, and whether it is paying enough attention to the impact of a criminal justice system that is contributing to the creation of a more punitive, fractured and unjust society. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
118.
Those found liable for negligently injuring others are required to compensate them, but current practices permit most tort
feasors to spread the costs of their liability burdens through the purchase of insurance. Those found guilty of criminal offences,
however, are not allowed to shift the burdens of their sentences onto others. Yet the reasons for not allowing criminal offenders
to shift such burdens – harm reduction, retribution, and moral education – also appear to retain some force in relation to
negligent tort feasors. Arguments for and against limiting the abilities of negligent tort feasors to spread such costs, thus
imposing a penalty on them, are discussed. The conclusion reached is that further consideration of such a penalty is warranted.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
119.
关于自我改变的心理研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文总结和概括了关于自我改变研究的理论成果,分析了自我改变的努力容易失败的原因,揭示了人们对自我改变失败的认知取向,以及在很可能会再度失败的情况下启动自我改变的新一轮行动的心理机制。 相似文献
120.