论保密义务与诚信原则

尊重患者隐私,保守执业秘密,是医师的道德义务,也是法律义务,保密义务的理论基础在于诚实信用原则.为此,医疗活动中应引入体现伦理道德要求的诚信理念,从道德和法律两方面规范医师的行为,并且建立以法律规范为主的规制模式.     

A REFUTATION OF CONSEQUENTIALISM

Abstract: This article argues that consequentialism does not work as a comprehensive theory of right action. The argument is that what course of action maximizes the good makes sense only within a particular context, but that it is impossible to supply such a context while adhering to a global consistency requirement. A global consistency requirement merely specifies the demand for maximization: it insists that an individual action, in order to be morally right, must be optimific relative not only to a set of temporally and spatially local alternatives but also to all future possibilities that the action would preclude. I further argue that an appropriate context is impossible to provide because act consequentialism invokes incompatible temporal horizons, that of action and that of a maximizable good. The incompatibility between these two horizons makes it impossible for there to be any morally salient, consistent assignment of consequences to actions, and thus renders act consequentialism empty.     

全社会共同努力,在发展中实现卫生公正

“公正”是科学发展观的重要内容,是卫生系统的主要价值取向,实现公正是医药卫生界的神圣职责。目前,在发展中实现卫生公正已经刻不容缓。我们必须以政府为主导,坚持以人为本和卫生公正,树立扶贫济困的社会风气,共同努力,采用多种措施实现卫生公正。     

生命科学研究与创新思维--我国生命科学研究现状与思考

分析总结了我国现代生命科学研究中存在的一些问题,如重复性研究,文献复习不够,文章中数据较少,一稿多投等,并分析了出现这些问题的原因:科研经费严重不足,没有足够的科研时间,缺乏科学的科研机制,急功近利,缺乏公正严格的评价标准和体系等.就这些问题提出来一些应对策略,如改革科研体制,集中统筹安排科研经费,完善科研管理制度,加强创新思维的培养等等.     

科普杂志目录编排效果的眼动研究

该研究探讨了读者在阅读科普杂志目录时的眼动特征。实验仪器为美国应用科学实验室生产的Model504型眼动仪。实验设计为2(插图颜色:彩色、黑白)×2(插图注解:有、无)×2(文字颜色:黑、蓝)。被试为大学生。研究发现:(1)被试对彩色插图的注视时间和注视次数比黑白插图的多;(2)被试对有注解的插图注视时间和注视次数要比无注解插图的多。实验结果表明,所阅读目录中的信息量决定读者的注意力。     

Worlds within Worlds: Kabbalah and the New Scientific Paradigm

Beginning with relativity and quantum theory, the deterministic view that has dominated and shaped Western culture for more than 2,500 years has begun to unravel, leading to the emergence of a new paradigm. This new paradigm effectively reformulates the project of science, conceiving of existence as an interpenetrating web of coevolving, cocreative relationships. By exploring Kabbalah and the new scientific paradigm within the context of shared evolutionary principles, I seek to demonstrate a viable alternative to the prevailing deterministic worldview. By going beyond the limits of determinism and re–visioning existence as an evolutionary, emergent phenomenon, we can establish a new basis for an authentic dialogue between science and religion.     

诚信结构初探

以质性研究的范式, 对中国人的诚信结构进行本土化的探索。遵循质性研究的“目的性抽样”原则, 采取强度抽样的具体策略进行取样, 选择了15名访谈对象。运用扎根理论的一般流程, 以深度访谈的方法收集资料并转换成电子文本。使用Nvivo 8.0质性分析软件对电子文本进行编码, 寻找本土的概念。初步产生292个开放式编码和关联式编码7个：“诚实、信用、信任、责任心、层次性、关联性、相互性”; 形成1个核心式编码：“诚信及其结构”。最后构建了两个理论：1)诚信由诚实、信用、信任和责任心四因素构成; 2)诚信四因素关系特点及其结构。采用原始资料检验法、专家评价法等效度评估和归类一致性指数信度评估对研究结果进行检验, 一致性程度较好, 说明有较好的效度和信度。     

Using performance feedback to improve treatment integrity of classwide behavior plans: an investigation of observer reactivity

The current study replicated the positive effects of performance feedback on treatment integrity and extended previous work by examining reactivity using a multiple baseline design with alternating treatments for observer-present and observer-absent conditions on teachers' implementation of a classwide behavior plan. No differences were found between conditions, and treatment integrity improved across all teachers, suggesting that performance feedback, rather than observer reactivity, was responsible for reported behavior changes.     

Structural Realism, Scientific Change, and Partial Structures

Scientific change has two important dimensions: conceptual change and structural change. In this paper, I argue that the existence of conceptual change brings serious difficulties for scientific realism, and the existence of structural change makes structural realism look quite implausible. I then sketch an alternative account of scientific change, in terms of partial structures, that accommodates both conceptual and structural changes. The proposal, however, is not realist, and supports a structuralist version of van Fraassen’s constructive empiricism (structural empiricism).     

The error statistical philosopher as normative naturalist

We argue for a naturalistic account for appraising scientific methods that carries non-trivial normative force. We develop our approach by comparison with Laudan’s (American Philosophical Quarterly 24:19–31, 1987, Philosophy of Science 57:20–33, 1990) “normative naturalism” based on correlating means (various scientific methods) with ends (e.g., reliability). We argue that such a meta-methodology based on means–ends correlations is unreliable and cannot achieve its normative goals. We suggest another approach for meta-methodology based on a conglomeration of tools and strategies (from statistical modeling, experimental design, and related fields) that affords forward looking procedures for learning from error and for controlling error. The resulting “error statistical” appraisal is empirical—methods are appraised by examining their capacities to control error. At the same time, this account is normative, in that the strategies that pass muster are claims about how actually to proceed in given contexts to reach reliable inferences from limited data.