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排序方式: 共有626条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
冯正中 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(1):53-54,66
临床工作中有着许多未知、疑难问题,这就是医生们探索与发现的起点。通过对桂希恩等多位医学专家临床探索发现事例的分析,得到许多启示,指出临床探索发现是一个系统的科学活动过程,也是临床决策的重要组成部分;找到客观存在的事物或规律,有利于疾病的诊治,充满了大医精诚精神;有利于人才培养,医学创新和进步,应予大力提倡和鼓励。 相似文献
112.
随着循证医学在我国的发展和"医疗举证责任倒置"等相关法律的实施,我国临床医生在进行诊治决策时已逐步向临床科学决策迈进。而防御性医疗、不健全的医疗制度及相关法律等却严重影响着这一科学决策的转变过程。只有有效解决了导致干扰科学决策的各种社会影响因素,如扩大基本医疗保险的覆盖率,实施医疗风险保险制度,提高医务人员认知和职业素质,保障行医安全等,临床科学决策的真正落实就大有希望。 相似文献
113.
Jones NL 《Science and engineering ethics》2007,13(1):25-43
The activities of the life sciences are essential to provide solutions for the future, for both individuals and society. Society
has demanded growing accountability from the scientific community as implications of life science research rise in influence
and there are concerns about the credibility, integrity and motives of science. While the scientific community has responded
to concerns about its integrity in part by initiating training in research integrity and the responsible conduct of research,
this approach is minimal. The scientific community justifies itself by appealing to the ethos of science, claiming academic
freedom, self-direction, and self-regulation, but no comprehensive codification of this foundational ethos has been forthcoming.
A review of the professional norms of science and a prototype code of ethics for the life sciences provide a framework to
spur discussions within the scientific community to define scientific professionalism. A formalization of implicit principles
can provide guidance for recognizing divergence from the norms, place these norms within a context that would enhance education
of trainees, and provide a framework for discussing externally and internally applied pressures that are influencing the practice
of science. The prototype code articulates the goal for life sciences research and the responsibilities associated with the
freedom of exploration, the principles for the practice of science, and the virtues of the scientists themselves. The time
is ripe for scientific communities to reinvigorate professionalism and define the basis of their social contract. Codifying
the basis of the social contract between science and society will sustain public trust in the scientific enterprise. 相似文献
114.
Croatia founded a national body for ethics in science 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Puljak L 《Science and engineering ethics》2007,13(2):191-193
The Committee for Ethics in Science and Higher Education (CESHE) was created in Croatia as a national body appointed by the
Parliament. Thus Croatia became one of a handful of countries with national means of responding to allegations of scientific
misconduct. The Committee’s duties, with the help of the Ethics Code, include promotion of ethical norms and values in science
and higher education. The CESHE will work on cases of possible research misconduct and alleged disregard for the ethical norms
associated with research. 相似文献
115.
Bernard E. Rollin 《The Journal of Ethics》2007,11(3):253-274
Although 20th-century empiricists were agnostic about animal mind and consciousness, this was not the case for their historical ancestors
– John Locke, David Hume, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and, of course, Charles Darwin and George John Romanes. Given
the dominance of the Darwinian paradigm of evolutionary continuity, one would not expect belief in animal mind to disappear.
That it did demonstrates that standard accounts of how scientific hypotheses are overturned – i.e., by empirical disconfirmation
or by exposure of logical flaws – is inadequate. In fact, it can be demonstrated that belief in animal mind disappeared as
a result of a change of values, a mechanism also apparent in the Scientific Revolution. The “valuational revolution” responsible
for denying animal mind is examined in terms of the rise of Behaviorism and its flawed account of the historical inevitability
of denying animal mentation. The effects of the denial of animal consciousness included profound moral implications for the
major uses of animals in agriculture and scientific research. The latter is particularly notable for the denial of felt pain
in animals. The rise of societal moral concern for animals, however, has driven the “reappropriation of common sense” about
animal thought and feeling. 相似文献
116.
Guichun Guo 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(3):437-453
The essential significance of scientific metaphor lies in applying the general metaphorical theory to specific interpretations
and elaborations of scientific theories to form a methodology of scientific explanation. It is a contextual grasp of objective
reality. A given metaphorical context and its grasp of the essence of reality can only be valid when the context is continually
restructured. Taking the context as a whole, the methodological characteristic of scientific metaphor lies in the unity of
understanding and choice, experience and concepts, semantic structures and metaphorical domains, rationality and irrationality.
As a form of thinking based on reasons, scientific metaphor plays an important role in invention, representation, explanation,
evaluation, and communication.
Translated by Liu Yiyu from Zhongguo Shehui Kexue 中国社会科学 (Social Sciences in China), 2004, (2): 92–101 相似文献
117.
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119.
Ted Peters 《Zygon》1996,31(2):323-343
Abstract. Revolutionary developments in both science and theology are moving the relation between the two far beyond the nineteenth-century “warfare” model. Both scientists and theologians are engaged in a common search for shared understanding. Eight models of interaction are outlined: scientism, scientific imperialism, ecclesiastical authoritarianism, scientific creationism, the two-language theory, hypothetical consonance, ethical overlap, and New Age spirituality. Developments in hypothetical consonance are explored in the work of various scholars, including Ian Barbour, Philip Clayton, Paul Davies, Willem Drees, Langdon Gilkey, Philip Hefner, Nancey Murphy, Wolfhart Pannenberg, Arthur Peacocke, John Polkinghorne, Robert John Russell, Thomas Torrence and Wenzel van Huyssteen. 相似文献
120.
John Slatter 《Studies in East European Thought》1996,48(2-4):255-276