材料呈现方式对初中生和大学生分类的影响

以初中和大学各60名学生为被试,a、b、c三套图片为材料,用A、B、C三种材料呈现方式,以分类的结果和解释的理由为依据,用一维特征、整体相似性、两阶段策略和其它分类作为因变量指标,采用混合设计,用SPSS对实验结果进行χ²检验。结果发现:(1)材料呈现方式对大学生分类结果影响显著,对初中生分类结果影响不显著;(2)初中生和大学生分类结果之间在B、C两种方式下,差异显著,在A方式下,差异不显著。     

中学生学习策略量表编制的研究

在自我调节学习理论、信息加工理论和国内外有关学习策略研究的基础上,根据我国中学生学习的实际情况编制了中学生学习策略量表,并进行了信度、效度检验。研究发现中学生运用学习策略有如下特点：①在使用学习策略方面存在着年级差异,有随年级增长递减的趋势;②女生在调控策略水平上显著高于男生,而男生在认知策略水平上略高于女生。     

中学生人格特征与应对方式的相关研究

通过对782名中学生应对方式、人格特征(A型人格、自我价值感)的测试,探讨人格特征与中学生应对方式的相关以及不同人格中学生应对方式的特点。结果表明：(1)中学生的人格特质(A型人格和自我价值感)与应对方式有显著的相关。(2)不同人格特征中学生应对方式之间有显著差异。A型人格的中学生倾向于使用着重情绪的应对方式,相比B型人格的中学生较少使用着重问题的应对方式。高自我价值感的中学生更多使用问题解决和求助应对方式,低自我价值感的中学生更多采用幻想应对方式。     

Issues and Strategies for Studying Latino Student Dropout at the Local Level

Latino student dropout is a national concern that must also be addressed strategically in local communities. Although national studies are important for pointing out areas of concern, local studies can provide more specific information for local policy development and implementation. This paper presents an example of local community-initiated needs assessment that addresses issues of Latino access to education. Focus groups and interviews were held with Latino students, parents, and community leaders as well as teachers and administrators. Issues and strategies of the needs assessment process are presented, which include involving key stakeholders, engaging community members as research partners, and engaging school personnel. General findings are presented and linked to accomplishments of the needs assessment process, such as increasing community awareness of issues and building commitment to implement strategies identified to reduce Latino student dropout.     

不同班级环境类型对学生学校适应的影响

采用问卷法,考察了小学5年级到初中3年级38个教学班的班级环境及其对学生学校适应的影响。结果表明,班级环境可以归为3种类型：团结向上型、一般型和问题型。在学校喜欢、学习兴趣、学业效能感和自信心上,团结向上型班级的学生得分显著高于一般型和问题型班级的学生。班级环境对学生的学校喜欢、学业行为有显著的正向预测作用,对学校回避有显著的负向预测作用,对学业行为的间接作用大于其直接作用。     

中学生社会适应性的理论构建及量表编制

社会适应性是人们适应社会所需要的心理素质。通过开放式调查和理论分析,构建社会适应性的维度：心理优势感、心理能量、人际适应性和心理弹性。据此编制中学生社会适应性量表对1809名中学生的测量结果表明．社会适应性维度及其成分与社会适应性量表具有较好的信度和效度。     

中学生人格特点和发展现状的研究

本研究以《中学生个性测验》为研究工具,以广东省五所不同类型中学的2816名初高中学生为被试,考察了中学生人格发展的状况和特点。研究发现：中学生人格发展状况不甚乐观,检出率较高;中学生人格发展状况在男女生之间、初高中之间和各类型学校之间都存在明显的差异;建议要有针对性的加强中学生的健康人格教育。     

职中和高中学生的自我概念与内外参照模型

通过自我概念量表,对职业高中和普通高中一年级学生进行问卷调查,用多因素多元方差分析比较了这两类学生自我概念的差异;对学科成绩与学科自我概念做了分组相关分析,并做了,比较。结果表明：(1)职中生的自我概念显著低于高中生。(2)职中生与高中生的学科自我概念与学科成绩之间的关系有同有异,但都符合内外参照模型。     

The end of the reading age: grade and age effects in early schooling

During the school years, psychological test norms may be indexed by age or by grade. A number of studies have shown that using age-based norms appears to produce biases associated with grade assignment. Cahan and Cohen [Child Dev. 60 (1989) 1239-1249] showed that the effect of one grade was over twice the effect of 1 year of age for most verbal cognitive ability subtests in Grades 4-6. A higher ratio might be expected for more curriculum-related areas such as reading tests. Analysis of a representative sample of 4257 Grade 1 and 2 children in Tasmanian government schools (which use relatively strict age assignment to grades) for three subtests of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test—Revised (WRMTR): Word Identification, Word Attack, and Passage Comprehension, showed that the grade effect is about twice the age effect. This data shows that using age-based norms instead of grade-based norms for reading and other verbal ability tests may produce bias in the early school years. Psychologists should thus be primarily concerned with children's educational history, as once children have entered school other developmental factors indexed by age have less influence on children's verbal performance.     

中学生思维风格发展特点的研究

采用心理测验法与横断法相结合的综合性研究方法,利用自行修订的《Sternberg—Wagner思维风格量表》对826名中学生被试进行了测试。结果发现:(1)在解决问题的过程中,初中生比高中生具有更为明显的执法、司法、等级制、寡头统治、外向性和开放性等思维风格;高中生比初中生具有更为明显的整体性思维风格。(2)男生比女生具有更为明显的内向性思维风格,而女生比男生具有更为明显的等级制和寡头统治思维风格。