The effectiveness of university counselling for improving academic outcomes and well-being

The work discusses the effectiveness of the counselling treatment to enhance student academic success. The participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (66 students who had completed counselling treatment) or a wait-list comparison group (44 students). The Adult Self Report (ASR) by Achenbach and Rescorla [2003. Manual for the ASEBA adult forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families, University of Vermont] and the Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45) by Lambert and Hill [1994. Assessing psychotherapy outcomes and processes. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (pp. 72–113). New York: John Wiley] were applied before and after the counselling sessions. Data show statistically significant decrease in the ASR clinical scales for both internalising and externalising problems after counselling as well as in the OQ-45 scores for distress symptoms and relationship difficulties. Compared with the control group, the students who received counselling exhibited a significant recovery regarding their progress with their studies.     

大学生自杀现象引发的生命教育的思考

大学生自杀现象屡见不鲜,大学生生命意识的淡薄,高校生命教育的缺失是大学生自杀很重要的因素.着重介绍了生命教育的内涵、发展沿革,大学教育中实施生命教育的意义和紧迫性,以及高校(包括医学院校)对如何实施生命教育作了一些思考.     

日记式追踪研究高校教师职业枯竭的产生原因及内部关系

该研究针对职业枯竭研究领域存在争议的两大理论问题——产生机制与内部过程,使用日记研究方法对重点高校教师进行了追踪调查。得到以下结果:1)在枯竭的成因部分:压力感、付出-回报的不平衡对耗竭存在显著正向的预测作用,且不平衡还是压力感与耗竭之间的部分中介变量。此外,二者还可完全通过耗竭作用于讥诮维度。自足资源对耗竭和讥诮均无显著影响,它只对职业效能有显著的正向预测作用,且是职业效能的唯一前因变量。2)在枯竭三维度的内部关系部分:耗竭与讥诮存在显著的正向联系,且解释风格在其中起到调节作用,即越将负性事件归因于外部环境或他人,耗竭对讥诮的正向预期作用就越强。而职业效能维度显示出与耗竭及讥诮相分离的态势,与后二者均无显著的相关关系。     

大学生幽默风格与精神健康关系的初步研究

目的:测试幽默风格量表在中国大学生中的信度和效度,探讨幽默风格与精神健康之间的关系。方法:354名大学生接受幽默风格量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)的问卷调查,4周后74名大学生重新填写幽默风格量表。结果:幽默风格量表所提出的4个因子结构在中国人的样本中也存在,该量表的信度和效度可接受。中国被试在4个子量表的得分均低于加拿大被试的得分。亲和型幽默、自强型幽默得分与症状自评量表的子量表以及总体症状指数得分全部呈现负相关,而嘲讽型幽默和自贬型幽默得分与症状自评量表的子量表以及总体症状指数得分全部呈现正相关。结论:(1)该量表的初步测试效度和信度可接受,但须结合中国文化作进一步的修订;(2)亲和型和自强型幽默有益于精神健康,但嘲讽型和自贬型幽默有害于精神健康;(3)中国人与加拿大人在幽默风格、幽默对精神健康起作用的方式上存在一定的文化差异。     

我国大学生心理健康教育研究的现状与展望

大学生心理健康教育研究已经成为我国心理学研究的一项重要课题。只有对大学生心理健康教育研究的现状有所了解,才能够更好地进行大学生心理健康教育。文章从理论研究和实证研究两方面阐述了当前我国大学生心理健康教育研究的现状,其中理论研究包含了大学生心理健康教育的内容、途径、模式研究;实证研究则包括了大学生心理健康状况的研究、大学生心理健康与自我概念相关的研究以及大学生心理健康教育研究方法的研究。最后展望了我国大学生心理健康教育研究的趋势。     

The interface of identity distress and psychological problems in students’ adjustment to University

Identity distress, psychological symptoms, and adjustment to university (academic, social, and person-emotional) were examined among students in Spain (N = 241; M_age = 19.0 (1.6), Md = 19; 84% female) and Canada (N = 531; M_age = 19.8 (2.2), Md = 19; 82% female). The expected positive relationships were found between these variables. Similarly, increased identity distress of Spanish students and greater maladjustment at university for those in Canada were associated with contextual differences in the respective environments. Psychological problems mediated the linkages between identity distress with academic, social, and person-emotional functioning at university, respectively. Also, psychological problems and context/country were independent predictors of students’ identity distress. Findings underscore the importance of examining contextual factors that influence student adjustment to university in relation to identity development and mental health and they offer suggestions for further research and counseling services.     

师范生心理素质评价体系的研究

用经过信度和效度检验的量表研究师范生的心理素质,表明师范生心理素质内涵丰富,包含人多内容,不同成分有着不同的贡献率,其中具有相对突出的重要成分是心理健康水平,人格特征,认知方式、元认知、智力和教育实践和知识。     

《中国青少年心理健康素质调查表》的区分效度研究

采用《中国青少年心理健康素质调查表》调查了天津市425名正常和115名有心理问题大学生的心理健康素质,结果表明：正常组大学生的人际素质、个性素质、自我、应对风格和适应等分量表得分都高于有心理问题组大学生且具有显著差异,而动力系统、认知风格、归因风格分量表得分差异不显著。比较分析研究结果说明《中国青少年心理健康素质调查表》在区分正常和有心理问题大学生的心理健康素质方面可靠、有效。     

A longitudinal study: Affective wellbeing,psychological wellbeing,self-efficacy and academic performance among first-year undergraduate students

Students’ mental health have a greatest impact on wellbeing and academic performance, also is often affected adaptation to the university life. This study examines the proportion of students with a positive and negative affect balance, and the relationship between affective wellbeing and academic self-efficacy and performance. It also analyzes how psychological wellbeing and academic self-efficacy predict affective wellbeing and academic performance. In a sample of 200 undergraduate students (M = 19.07 years), it was found that positive affect decreased and negative affect increased during the second academic year. The majority had a positive affect balance (AB). Psychological wellbeing predicts positive emotions and its achievement dimension predicts academic performance. 53% of participating students maintained a positive AB, 14% maintained a negative AB and 21% went from a negative to a positive AB one. The change from a positive to a negative AB (10%) is associated with an increase in psychological wellbeing, suggesting a process of post-stress growth in relation to the challenges of university life.     

The Use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Promote Mental Health and School Engagement in University Students: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial

The aim of this multisite randomized controlled trial was to determine whether an intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was efficacious in improving university students’ psychological flexibility, mental health, and school engagement. Students were recruited in four Canadian universities and randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 72) or a wait-list control group (n = 72). Students in the intervention group took part in four 2.5-hour workshops during a 4-week period and were asked to do exercises at home (e.g., meditation, observation grids). Wait-list students received the intervention soon after the post measurements. MANCOVAs and ANCOVAs revealed that students in the intervention group showed greater psychological flexibility at postintervention than those in the control group. They also reported greater well-being and school engagement, and lower stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Taken together, results of this study suggest that an ACT-based intervention offers a valuable way to promote mental health and school engagement in postsecondary settings.