Psychological distress in university students: A comparison with general population data

Objective: While the mental health of university students is recognised internationally as an important public health issue, more epidemiological data are needed that allows benchmarking with general population data. Methods: All enrolled students from two large Australian universities were invited to complete a web‐based survey. Anxiety‐mood disorders were assessed using the Kessler 10. A total of 6,479 students participated in the study with sociodemographics generally consistent with the university population. Results: The estimated prevalence for mental health problems was 19.2% with 67.4% reporting subsyndromal symptoms. These rates were significantly higher than the general population. Psychological distress was associated with disability and lower academic achievement. Predictors of distress included: full‐time status, financial stress, being aged between and 18 and 34 years, being female, and in a subsequent undergraduate year of their degree. Conclusions: The extremely high prevalence of mental health problems in university students provides evidence for this being an at‐risk population. Implications: The results highlight the need for universal early interventions to prevent the development of severe mental illness in university students.     

试论大学生家政教育的必要性和可行性

对大学生进行系统的家政教育,使他们有一定的未来家庭生活能力,是从整体上提高大学生的素质的必要环节,也是大学生社会化的基础。构建高校家政教育体系已具备了相当的主客观基础,时机日趋成熟,同时也成为我国高等教育面临的一项重要任务。     

论以社会适应为导向的大学生合作学习

本文在广泛研究国内外相关文献的基础上,从合作学习的内涵、理论基础和基本要素等方面入手,论述了大学生合作学习对培养其社会适应能力的重要意义,论证了大学生的合作学习是培养其社会适应能力的有效途径之一。     

浅谈医学院校科研现状及研究生培养管理

倡导良好的科研风尚并建立有效的研究生培养管理体制,对增强医学院校科研能力,提高研究生培养质量至关重要,也是当前高等医学教育工作者共同关心的问题。对医学院校科研现状及现行研究生培养管理模式中存在的问题进行分析,并提出若干思考及建议。     

药物政策与药品获得

讨论药物政策的完善与否,及其推行实效对药品获得的影响等问题,探讨如何制定与健全我国的药物政策,尤其是国家基本药物政策,以保证政府责任的有效实现和社会公众药品获得障碍的消除.     

不同年级和专业大学生精神信仰的研究

采用问卷对1100名大学生进行调查,发现不同年级和专业的大学生精神信仰存在如下特点:随着年级的升高,大三是宗教信仰和神灵崇拜的转折,大二是政治信仰、民族主义和国家主义信仰的转折;法科比其他专业更易产生宗教信仰、神灵崇拜和金钱崇拜,工科、农科比其他专业的政治信仰、民族主义和国家主义信仰要高。     

A Lesson for Life

Schools have existed since timeimmemorable. From the perspective of the modernworld, the most radical change has been thatschools are now expected not only to reflectcurrent reality, but also to prepare its pupilsfor a changing world. In this article, Wilhelmvon Humboldt's great university reform ishighlighted. Humboldt's ideas of Bildungwere never fully realised in the universitysystem, due to a structural contradiction inhis university plan between specialisedresearch and all-embracing philosophy. The ideaitself, however, remains fruitful, especiallyif combined with John Dewey's moredown-to-earth conceptions.     

Stressors and Stress Reactions Among University Personnel

A large, ethnically diverse, and representative sample of university workers in administrative, instructional, and blue-collar/clerical support categories were administered a battery of questionnaires designed to assess job and nonwork stress, biopsychosocial reactions to stress, emotionality, medical symptoms and utilization, and perceived social support, among other variables. A total of 831 participants returned questionnaires. The principal results showed that job and nonwork stress correlated positively with behavioral, cognitive, and physiological reactions to stress as well as with negative emotionality. Job and nonwork stress correlated meaningfully with medical symptoms; nonwork stress also correlated at a useful level with reported medical utilization. Social support did not generally modulate reports of stress or reactions to stress. It was also found that support staff reported higher levels of nonwork stress and lower levels of work stress, but that 2 measures of job stress did not differentiate administrative and instructional personnel. Younger staff reported higher levels of job and nonwork stress, and females reported higher levels of nonwork stress, irrespective of job category. The results were discussed in terms of their importance for understanding the nature of stress among personnel on the university campus and in relation to prior research.     

大学新生负性生活事件与心理教育内容确立的实验研究

对大学新生实施入学教育几乎是高等院校的一件例行性事务,本研究对影响大学新生心理健康的负性生活事件进行了必要的调查研究,并依据负性生活事件确立了相应的新生心理教育内容。通过实验研究．结果发现对大学新生实施心理教育有助于改善心理健康水平,提高适应能力,是新生入学教育不可或缺的内容。     

两岸四地大学生对创造力特征及创造力 人才的认知调查

该研究表明,北京、广州、香港和台北的大学生在对创造力和创造力人才的内隐认知甚为一致。其中北京和广州大学生的内隐认知更为接近,而香港和台湾大学生的内隐认知更为接近。在对高创造力特征的内隐认知上,四地大学生一致看重的条目有：有创造力、有创见、创新、有观察力、有思考力、愿做尝试、灵活性、有自信、有想象力、有好奇心、有个性和有独立性等。而在对低创造力表现的内隐认知上,四地大学生的一致认同的条目有：呆钝、保守、跟随传统和愿做让步。在对创造力人才的认知上,四地的大学皆首推政治名人,次推科技界名人。四地大学生最不看重的创造力人才是艺术界和音乐界名人。这说明,两岸三地的中国人虽然分离长久,但其对创造力的认知上仍相当一致,都甚看重政治与科技人物的影响。