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191.
    
This study aimed to investigate the association between tobacco use and depression and anxiety in a cross-national study among university students from 30 predominantly low- and middle-income countries. Self-report survey data were collected from 23 073 university students (58.0% female), with a mean age of 20.8 years (SD = 2.5). Following logistic regression analyses, tobacco using university students were more likely to have depressive symptoms and anxiety (posttraumatic stress symptoms = PTSS) than non-tobacco using students. Gender stratified analysis found associations between tobacco use and depressive symptoms were stronger among women than men. The associations between tobacco use and anxiety (PTSD) symptoms were stronger among men than women. In this large cross-national study, current tobacco use was significantly associated with depression and anxiety (PTSD) symptoms. Tobacco use prevention efforts can help alleviating mental health problems among university students.  相似文献   
192.
    
This systematic review examined the role of Service-Learning experiences promoted by higher education institutions to strengthen the achievement of social justice outcomes among youth. We screened and coded studies following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Of the 555 articles found in the database search, 47 peer-reviewed studies were included in the final sample. Social justice construct, together with research location, participants, target community and outcomes, were coded. Results show effects of Service-Learning experiences on (a) fostering significant improvement of students' social justice beliefs, (b) stimulating significant changes in students' attitudes with respect to the development of altruistic behaviours and their commitment to social justice, and (c) increasing students' critical understanding by sparking questioning processes related to personal assumptions of inequalities. This systematic review provides insights into the strengths and challenges of implementing social justice-oriented Service-Learning experiences.  相似文献   
193.
Our research, conducted with 30 Black students at a predominantly White institution, used mixed qualitative methods to investigate Black students' sense-making of experiences that signalled their non-belonging. All participants experienced both overt and covert racism including the n-word, racist humour, and negative stereotyping; and this occurred in public and intimate spaces. Our reflexive thematic analysis centred on interactional dynamics that can explain how racism on campus is rendered acceptable; and how and why this is consequential for how Black students can act. We found that White students' practices of “acceptable” racism entailed the denial of responsibility and the privileging of White experiences to deflect responsibility. Importantly, these devices signal that the use of racist discourses does not always arise from unconscious bias or naivety. The perceived power dynamics whereby White students decide who belongs and what is acceptable contributed to Black students' inability to act on their own terms.  相似文献   
194.
    
While social withdrawal in childhood is typically associated with lower academic functioning, little is known about how motivations for social withdrawal may be connected to academic adjustment in emerging adulthood. The purpose of the present study was to examine associations between social withdrawal motivations (i.e., shyness, avoidance and unsociability) and indices of academic adjustment, including academic achievement (i.e., grade point average [GPA]) and academic motivation (i.e., intrinsic value, self-efficacy and test anxiety), while accounting for gender and conscientiousness. Participants were 623 emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25 (Mage = 20.15, SD = 1.67; 79% female) who were currently attending university. Hierarchical regression results showed that shyness was negatively associated with intrinsic value and self-efficacy. Whereas shyness was positively associated with test anxiety, avoidance was negatively associated with test anxiety. Social withdrawal motivations were not associated with GPA. The findings suggest that some motivations for social withdrawal play a role in university students’ academic motivation, but not their academic achievement.  相似文献   
195.
196.
    
ABSTRACT

This work analysed which profiles of counsellors’ supportive and interpretative actions emerged in two group counselling interventions designed to promote mentalisation in underachieving university students. The Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scale was used to analyse this and the level of depth of defence interpretations. Two outcome measures were administered to analyse student mentalisation and their academic achievements. Process findings showed that supportive actions were used for the most part in both counselling interventions; however, only one group improved in terms of mentalisation and academic performance. In the good-outcome group, there were more defence interpretations, especially during the early sessions, and with a deeper level of elaboration. The innovative relevance of these findings and their implications for practice among counsellors are discussed.  相似文献   
197.
Abstract

The International Psychoanalytic University was founded in 2009. This article provides an outline of its core tasks, study programs, research activities, and infrastructure.  相似文献   
198.
大学教师职业生涯管理因素结构研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄洁华  田甜 《心理科学》2007,30(3):689-692,682
在文献研究、结构化访谈和半开放式问卷调查的基础上,采用因素分析方法对大学教师职业生涯管理的因素结构及其与人口统计学变量之间内在关系进行了实证研究,结果显示(1)大学教师自我职业生涯管理是由教书育人、科研创新、明确目标、沟通协调、认识自我和了解组织等六因素结构构成,大学教师组织职业生涯管理是由专业支持、职业通道、科研激励和组织公平等四因素结构构成;(2)大学教师自我职业生涯管理与组织职业生涯管理显著相关;(3)大学教师自我职业生涯管理与性别、婚姻、教龄、学历、职称等人口统计学变量显著相关。研究结果对高校人力资源管理有启示意义。  相似文献   
199.
高校中层管理干部胜任力模型的初步建构   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
林日团  莫雷  王瑞明  李锦萍 《心理科学》2007,30(6):1471-1473,1481
通过对57名高校中层管理干部的关键事件访谈,初步建立了高校中层管理干部胜任力模型,结果发现:(1)高校中层管理干部的胜任力模型包括授权激励、组织协调、创新开拓、目标监控、决策判断、沟通表达、成就驱动、团结协作、教育视野、教育信念、民主责任、尊重理解、学术(业务)素养等13项胜任特征。(2)高校中层管理干部的胜任力模型跟中小学教师胜任力模型有一定的相似之处,但跟企业家的胜任力模型差异较大。  相似文献   
200.
高校学生管理中人本管理伦理探论   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王引兰 《伦理学研究》2007,(1):64-68,102
在高校学生管理中,贯彻以人为本的思想,进行人本管理,就是要把以学生为中心、为学生服务作为高校学生管理的出发点和归宿点,通过教学、管理、服务诸环节,真正做到以人为本,教书育人,为社会主义现代化建设培养高素质的人才。高校学生管理的模式及其质量关系到高等学校教育的社会功能和道德价值的发挥。因此坚持人本原则,贯彻科学发展观,搞好学生管理是高校学生管理者的重要职责。  相似文献   
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