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91.
There are many opportunities in a family's daily routine to enrich the interactions among its members. One such opportunity arises at family restaurants. Surveys of restaurant personnel and customers suggested the possibility of enriching family interactions by redesigning indigenous materials such as table placemats. Accordingly, we developed Table-Talk placemats that provided conversational topics and illustrated games in which the entire family could participate. After some testing of these placemats in a preschool, a field experiment was conducted with families dining in restaurants. Table-Talk placements occasioned more social and educational dialogue among family members than either traditional-placemat or no-material conditions. Social validation ratings provided by mental health counselors and the parents suggested that Table-Talk placemats occasioned healthy and enjoyable interactions among family members. 相似文献
92.
The effect of an instructional package on public-speaking behaviors was analyzed in two experiments. The instructional package was designed to teach public-speaking trainees to look at the audience, make gestures, and perform a number of speaking behaviors. The results of Experiment I, with a university student serving as the trainee, showed that the percentage of each category of public-speaking target behavior increased only after the instructional package was introduced for that category. The results of Experiment 2, with three low-income paraprofessional staff members of a neighborhood service center serving as trainees, showed that the percentage of target behaviors increased after the instructional package was introduced for the respective trainee. Audience ratings of public-speaking performance were correlated with direct observations of target responses. All trainees showed marked improvements in audience ratings from pretraining to posttraining. This study demonstrated an effective procedure for training public-speaking behaviors. 相似文献
93.
Ron Van Houten Ahmos Rolider Paul A. Nau Robert Friedman Moshe Becker Ismar Chalodovsky Moshe Scherer 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1985,18(1):87-93
We assessed the effects of posted feedback and warning ticket programs on speeding and accidents in two cities. In Experiment 1, speeding feedback signs were effective even when 10 were used in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, and reductions in speeding were associated with reductions in accidents. The effectiveness of the signs was correlated with the number of intersections and residences within 0.5 km beyond them, and the signs had no effect on untreated streets. In Experiment 2, posted feedback and a warning program reduced speeding and accidents on 14 streets in Haifa, Israel. 相似文献
94.
采用问卷法对424名农村留守儿童和229名农村一般儿童进行入户调查,以考察亲子关系对孤独感、抑郁的影响及感恩在其中的中介与调节作用。结果发现:(1)与农村一般儿童相比,农村留守儿童的孤独感、抑郁均较高,父子关系、母子关系和感恩均较低;(2)父子关系、母子关系负向预测农村留守儿童/一般儿童孤独感、抑郁,且感恩均起部分中介作用;(3)感恩对农村留守儿童父子关系与孤独感、抑郁的预测关系有调节作用,随着感恩水平提高,父子关系对孤独感、抑郁的负向预测力增强。 相似文献
95.
Conditional goal setting is the tendency for people to see attainment of their future personal goals as necessary for their well-being. It has been argued that this represents an unhealthy way of relating to one’s goals, as well as being particularly problematic when goals are perceived as unlikely. High conditional goal setting has been found to be related to depression and to hopelessness. The present study examined conditional goal setting in deliberate self-harm, where problematic thinking about the future is very prominent. A group of individuals attending hospital for a recent episode of deliberate self-harm (N = 25) were compared with controls attending hospital for minor injuries (N = 25) as well as a psychologically disordered but non-suicidal control group (N = 25). Participants generated goals and rated goal likelihood, the extent to which those goals were seen as necessary for their future well-being (conditional goal setting), and also the extent to which the goals were seen as sufficient for their future well-being (goal sufficiency). Deliberate self-harm patients showed a higher degree of both conditional goal setting and goal sufficiency than did both of the other groups, further confirming the idea of painful engagement with personal goals, rather than disengagement, as characterising deliberate self-harm. 相似文献
96.
97.
作为中国特色的农民医疗保障制度,中国农村合作医疗70年制度变迁,是适应中国宏观体制机制变迁的结果,是城乡二元经济社会政治体制向一元化体制机制战略转型的“活化石”。合作医疗的参保主体、基金筹集、管理经办和待遇支付等微观要素机制,分别与经济、社会和政治体制的变革耦合与适应,从要素制度的“渐进性”变革起始,牵一发而动全身,带动合作医疗实现整体性制度创新和变迁,构成了合作医疗制度演进和变迁的微观图景,并依此形成了中国农村合作医疗制度变迁的特色逻辑,为解决当下新农合与城居保制度“整而不合”的实践难题提供借鉴路径。 相似文献
98.
Qiong Wu Melissa Radey Soo Jin Han Karina Jalapa Dania Tawfiq Lenore McWey 《Family process》2024,63(1):331-347
Low-income, rural families face significant mental health risks. However, the understanding of resources associated with mental health risks is limited. The present study investigated the associations between perceived resources of low-income, rural mothers, and longitudinal maternal and child outcomes. This study utilized longitudinal data from the Family Life Project (N = 1203), from US rural areas with high poverty rates. Mothers reported their resources at 6-month postpartum, and their levels of depression, anxiety, and role overload were assessed at 2-year postpartum. Mothers reported their children's behavioral problems at 3 years old. Using a person-centered approach, we identified four maternal profiles: lower resources (7.1%); higher intra-family support (11.1%); higher inter-family support (20.8%); and higher resources (60.9%). In general, the higher resource profile was associated with lower mental health concerns of mothers and lower levels of behavior problems of children. Mothers in the higher intra-family support profile had disproportionately higher role overload. Children of mothers in the higher inter-family support profile showed disproportionately higher behavioral problems. Maternal partner status and education were significant predictors of resource profiles. Findings support the heterogeneity in perceived resources among low-income, rural families and different risk levels. Identifying these subgroups has significant implications for policy and interventions aimed toward this vulnerable population. 相似文献
99.
辛怡 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2014,35(3A):62-65
村卫生室是三级卫生服务体系的网底,是农民健康的“保护伞”和农村社会的“稳定器”。村卫生室在发展过程中遭遇制度和资源瓶颈,运用社会角色理论分析各个利益主体与村卫生室之间的互动关系,研究村卫生室的角色距离和角色期望的表现形式,识别村卫生室的新角色期望内涵,并据此探讨村卫生室新角色实践途径。通过分析得出农村卫生服务系统的角色结构和村卫生室在其中扮演的角色丛,村卫生室要扮演好自己的社会角色,必须同时考虑“公共产品”和“私人产品”特征,以“公共产品”为自己的主要角色,“私人产品”为次要角色。 相似文献
100.
住院分娩是否应该纳入新型农村合作医疗的补偿范围,目前在学术界和实践中仍然存在争议。以陕西省镇安县为案例,从公共政策分析的角度,通过对该县定额住院分娩制度运行效果的分析,论证了把住院分娩纳入合作医疗补偿范围的积极意义,同时针对该制度运行过程中出现的问题提出了相应的政策建议。 相似文献