实践社区成员的成就动机对知识传播的影响

为了研究成就动机对实践社区及其成员的知识传播过程的影响,采用自编实践社区成员成就动机问卷以及知识传播过程与效果问卷对重庆、银川、南京、上海等地企业的430名实践社区成员进行测量,研究了成就动机对知识传播的影响.结果表明:问卷具有良好的信度和效度;不同性别被试的社会取向成就动机存在显著差异;工作年限为11-15年的被试社会取向成就动机识显著高于其他组别;自我取向成就动机对知识传播的路径系数除"自我取向-区内吸收"外均达到显著性水平,即对"知识传播投入程度"、"社区外知识获取能力"及"知识传播效果"的预测作用都是正向的;社会取向成就动机仅对知识传播效果产生显著影响.     

Developing networks in disempowered communities: Experiencing hardships while focusing on opportunities

This study aims to present an evaluation and the process steps of a community‐based initiative (CBI) consisting of a group of organizations that work to enhance the lives of boys and men of colour. Using a participatory research model, the researchers collaborated with 14 community stakeholders to develop the questions during two data collection periods and reviewed the reports for accuracy. The findings were separated into two broad categories. The perceived challenges included a lack of clear goals and measurements of success, an absence of leadership and direction, and a shortage of resources. The successes included passion of partners, increased collaboration, and increasing and maintaining social capital within the community. The lessons learned from both data collection periods helped this CBI broaden its reach and collaboration efforts. Overall, this study provides suggestions to other CBIs as they embark on making changes in their own communities.     

长沙市新型农村合作医疗现状与对策研究

新型农村合作医疗制度是我国农民的基本医疗保障制度,长沙市自2003开始试点,2006年全面推行,农民参合率达到84．6％,有效保障了农民能享有基本医疗卫生保健服务。通过对长沙2006年四县五区的新型农村合作医疗工作进行调查,分析了新型农村合作医疗存在的问题,提出了进一步改进的政策方案。     

中国历史上的农村贫困医疗救助

从医学史的角度回顾我国历史上的济贫思想和实践,分析不同时代农村医疗救助的形式、内容和特点,指出农村贫困医疗救助具有悠久历史传统,现代意义上的医疗救助是社会保障体制的重要组成部分,充分利用我国乡村社会以情感和道德为主体的互助历史传统,建立与经济社会发展相适应的贫困医疗救助制度是当今政府和社会的重要任务,也是历史发展的必然要求。     

医科大学生在农村进行艾滋病防治干预模式的探索

艾滋病在中国正处于快速蔓延期,目前艾滋病的宣教和干预,集中在年底艾滋病日前后,集中在大城市,基层农村做得很少。而国家每年培养的数以万计的医科类大学生却没有充分发挥作用。有鉴于此,特组织策划2007防艾乡村大讲堂活动以探索医科大学生在农村进行艾滋病防治干预的新模式。     

The Multidimensional Nature of Social Cohesion: Psychological Sense of Community, Attraction, and Neighboring

Items from the Neighborhood Cohesion Instrument were completed by 1,732 individuals from a random sample of households in 20 rural communities across Canada during the summer of 2001. Confirmatory factor analysis of the NCI items based on polychoric correlations and weighted least squares estimation found three underlying latent variables. Although items were related to the three latent variables in a somewhat different manner than they were in Buckner's original study, the same three latent variables were evident, providing convincing evidence that social cohesion has at least three subscales: psychological sense of community, neighboring, and attraction. Correlations between subscales were relatively high (between .67 and .87). Intraclass correlation coefficients for the three scales were .115, .127, and .112. In addition, the community means differed on different subscales in a manner that related to recognized characteristics of the communities. Thus the subscales are appropriate measures for both individuals and communities and can be recommended for further research on social cohesion.     

亲子关系与农村留守儿童孤独感、抑郁:感恩的中介与调节作用

采用问卷法对424名农村留守儿童和229名农村一般儿童进行入户调查,以考察亲子关系对孤独感、抑郁的影响及感恩在其中的中介与调节作用。结果发现：（1）与农村一般儿童相比,农村留守儿童的孤独感、抑郁均较高,父子关系、母子关系和感恩均较低;（2）父子关系、母子关系负向预测农村留守儿童/一般儿童孤独感、抑郁,且感恩均起部分中介作用;（3）感恩对农村留守儿童父子关系与孤独感、抑郁的预测关系有调节作用,随着感恩水平提高,父子关系对孤独感、抑郁的负向预测力增强。     

健康的现代诠释:基于农村流动人口的研究

现代语境里的健康不仅指涉生理与心理健康,社会与文化健康亦为不可或缺的维度,以农村流动人口为研究对象,结合健康这一研究主体,既对健康予以现代诠释,又对农村流动人口给以高度人文关注,力使他们在健康的现代话语中逐步向新市民转型。     

农村医疗保障体制构建模式的选择——多层次农村医疗保障制度体系

目前农村医疗保障实行的新型农村合作医疗制度体系,很难保障农村居民的基本医疗卫生服务的需求。提出构建包括卫生防疫与基础保健功能的基础层,新型农村合作医疗制度的主体层,农村医疗救助制度的最低层,商业性医疗保险的补充层的多层次农村医疗保障制度体系,以有效解决农村居民对医疗卫生服务不同层次的需要。     

农村与城镇终末期肾病患者临床状况比较分析

对比分析农村与城镇终末期肾病患者的临床状况,旨在了解新农合政策带给农村终末期肾病患者的益处及今后还需完善和努力之处。对广西壮族自治区人民医院血液净化治疗中心2007年新增的238例终末期肾病患者按农村与城镇进行分组对比分析。96例农村患者,88例选择血液透析,8例放弃治疗;142例城镇患者,23例选择腹膜透析,108例血液透析,11例放弃。无论是城镇还是农村患者慢性肾炎为主要的原发病、都存在透析过晚、并发症发生率高、急诊透析率高的现象。与城镇组相比,农村组患者平均年龄、肾病知晓率、残余肾功能、血红蛋白、二氧化碳结合力、尿素清除指数低于城镇组（P〈0．05）;梗阻性肾病发病率、并发症发生率、急诊透析率、死亡率、失访率高于城镇组（P〈0．05）。新农合的实施使农村终末期肾病患者获得了治疗的机会,针对农村患者肾病知晓率低、临床状况差的特点,需加强农村慢性肾病的防治工作。