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1.
Henry Kin Shing Ng Sing-Hang Cheung 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(4):945-968
We investigated the relationship between ambient temperature and prosocial behaviour in real-life settings. It was guided by two mechanisms of opposite predictions, namely (1) higher temperatures decrease prosociality by harming well-being, and (2) higher temperatures increase prosociality by promoting the embodied cognition of social warmth. In Study 1, U.S. state-level time-series data (2002–2015) supported the first mechanism, with higher temperatures predicting lower volunteer rates through lower well-being. Study 2 furthered the investigation by probing the relationship between neighbourhood temperature and civic engagement of 2268 U.S. citizens. The data partially supported the well-being mechanism and reported findings contradictory to the social embodiment mechanism. Higher temperatures predicted lower interpersonal trust and subsequently lower civic engagement. The unexpected finding hinted at a cognitive effect of heat and a compensatory mechanism in social thermoregulation. We discussed the findings regarding their methodological strengths and weaknesses, with cautions made on ecological fallacies and alternative models. 相似文献
2.
F. Suzanne Talbert Peggy J. Wagner Lorraine C. Braswell Sakina Husein 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1995,2(2):133-148
The psychological stress reactions of 44 family medicine patients who were treated in the emergency room were examined approximately a year after the event. Patients were assessed on several psychological measures, including one for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and on their perception of how stressful the event was initially and now. Results show continuing stress reactions related to the emergency room event. Three patients endorsed symptoms indicating full PTSD and 13 appeared to have at least partial PTSD. Age appeared to be a factor in the presence of stress symptoms and in degree of perceived communication with the physician. 相似文献
3.
Building on the conservation of resources model, we conducted three studies to explore the link between ambient temperature and individual prosocial behavior. In study 1, analyzing the two‐wave field data from a chain of retail stores in Eastern Europe, we find that, in hot, as opposed to normal temperatures, employees are less likely to act in a prosocial manner. In study 2, we replicate and extend these findings in a randomized controlled experiment by identifying mechanisms underlying the relationship between hot ambient temperature and helping behavior. Specifically, we find that heat increases fatigue that leads to reduction in positive affect and subsequently reduces individual helping. Finally, in study 3, we replicate these findings in a field experiment. Taken together, our study helps to explain how and through what mechanisms ambient temperature influences individual helping. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed. 相似文献
4.
May Nilsson 《Journal of Child Psychotherapy》2013,39(2):131-141
This paper explores some issues that might arise when one considers having a table hockey game in the therapy room, and describes how an autistic boy, aged four-and-a-half when starting treatment, used that game. The unfolding process from withdrawal to separateness, intersubjectivity and playfulness is illustrated by the progress of two years of twice-weekly psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Special attention is paid to how the play progressed through the intermediate area that the therapist provided. 相似文献
5.
A. P. Smith D. A. J. Tyrrell K. B. Coyle P. G. Higgins J. S. Willman 《Psychology & health》2013,28(3):201-211
Abstract The aim of the present research was to investigate whether susceptibility to experimentally-induced respiratory virus infections and illness is related to measures of personality, physiological state, performance efficiency, and subjective ratings of alertness and motivation obtained prior to virus challenge. Two studies, using different viruses, showed that volunteers who subsequently developed colds had higher temperatures prior to virus challenge than those who remained free from illness. Similarly, those who later had colds were worse than other volunteers on certain performance tests given in the pre-challenge period. The results also showed that task-related motivation was related to subsequent infection. Personality scores were poor predictors of infection and illness, the only exception being introversion, which, in one study, was related to the likelihood of developing a sub-clinical infection. 相似文献
6.
采用一台有源矩阵彩色液晶显示器作为主要实验装置,对低色温、低强度背景光照射下液晶显示颜色编码范围及其与色标大小的关系进行了研究。实验结果表明:(1)液晶显示器上色标大小对绝对辨认效果有显著影响,随着色标的增大,辨认错误率随之下降,但下降率则随色标的增大而递减。(2)在色温为3100K的低强度背景光照射下,液晶显示的颜色编码范围因色标大小不同而存在显著差异,当色标面积减小到1×1mm2至2×2mm2时,编码色数目仅限于3-4种。 相似文献
7.
In this study lateral differences in tympanic membrane temperature (TTy) were explored as a correlate of either impulsive or cautious responding in Go–No-Go tasks. Thirty-two women and men performed two sustained attention to response tasks (Go–No-Go tasks). Those with warmer right in comparison to left tympanic membranes were more cautious, and those with warmer left in comparison to right tympanic membranes were more impulsive. This finding is in line with previous research and theory indicating a hemispheric bias for active and passive behavior. TTy may be a useful addition to the techniques employed by neuropsychologists. 相似文献
8.
科学的统筹规划、紧凑有序的接台管理,能够更好地服务患者,提高医院工作效率。探索大型综合性医院手术室合理有效地安排手术、加快手术周转的措施。讨论如何有效利用手术室的物资和人力资源,进行全盘科学的筹划,抓住关键环节,合理安排工序。进而成功破除制约手术科室的瓶颈,大大提高了手术科室的效率。 相似文献
9.
Lisa A. Parr 《Animal cognition》2001,4(3-4):223-229
The ability to understand emotion in others is one of the most important factors involved in regulating social interactions
in primates. Such emotional awareness functions to coordinate activity among group members, enable the formation of long-lasting
individual relationships, and facilitate the pursuit of shared interests. Despite these important evolutionary implications,
comparative studies of emotional processing in humans and great apes are practically nonexistent, constituting a major gap
in our understanding of the extent to which emotional awareness has played an important role in shaping human behavior and
societies. This paper presents the results of two experiments that examine chimpanzees' responses to emotional stimuli. First,
changes in peripheral skin temperature were measured while subjects viewed three categories of emotionally negative video
scenes; conspecifics being injected with needles (INJ), darts and needles alone (DART), and conspecific directing agonism
towards the veterinarians (CHASE). Second, chimpanzees were required to use facial expressions to categorize emotional video
scenes, i.e., favorite food and objects and veterinarian procedures, according to their positive and negative valence. With
no prior training, subjects spontaneously matched the emotional videos to conspecific facial expressions according to their
shared emotional meaning, indicating that chimpanzee facial expressions are processed emotionally, as are human expressions.
Decreases in peripheral skin temperature, indicative of negative sympathetic arousal, were significantly lower when subjects
viewed the INJ and DART videos, compared to the CHASE videos, indicating greater negative arousal when viewing conspecifics
being injected with needles, and needles themselves, than when viewing conspecifics engaged in general agonism.
Accepted after revision: 8 April 2001
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Electronic Publication 相似文献
10.
年轻成年被试在现代人类觉醒期间“标准环境温度”(standard ambient tem-perature)(~20℃)和人体产生和散发热量保持最佳平衡状态的睡眠期间“热中性”(thermal neutrality)环境温度(~30℃)条件下。24-h昼夜测量体(口腔)和皮肤(中背,耳后,肘,手背,足背)温度。皮肤温度借助特制WMSX-01巡回检测温度仅远距离连续测温和自动打印。结果表明;(1)在“标准环境温度”(~20℃)和“热中性”环境温度[~30℃间可见四肢(特别足部)]皮肤温度呈现显著相位性倒转。(2)“非午睡组”和“午睡组”均可见在14:00左右呈现一个体温“钟”的“次要低谷”(Minor nadir),从而表示成年人的体温“钟”也可能具有“半24-h昼夜节律”(Circasemidian rhythm)的内源性特征。 相似文献