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171.
García-Montes JM Pérez-Alvarez M Soto Balbuena C Perona Garcelán S Cangas AJ 《Behaviour research and therapy》2006,44(8):1091-1104
On the basis of the analogy between intrusive thoughts and auditory hallucinations established by Morrison et al. [(1995). Intrusive thoughts and auditory hallucinations: a cognitive approach. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 265-280], the present work compares the metacognitive beliefs and processes of five groups of patients (current hallucinators, never-hallucinated people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, recovered hallucinators, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, and a clinical control group) and a non-clinical group. The results show that of the five metacognitive factors considered in this study, two were found to be different in the current hallucinators group in comparison to any other group in the design. Likewise, it is found that the metacognitive beliefs of the current hallucinators coincide with those of the OCD patients in various factors, particularly that relating to superstition, and this is interpreted as lending support to the model of Morrison et al. (1995). Furthermore, the results are discussed in the light of existing research on Thought-Action Fusion, stressing the role that may be played by superstitious beliefs and magical thinking in auditory hallucinations and OCD. 相似文献
172.
Jolley S Garety P Bebbington P Dunn G Freeman D Kuipers E Fowler D Hemsley D 《Behaviour research and therapy》2006,44(11):1597-1607
People holding persecutory beliefs have been hypothesised to show a self-serving attributional style, which functions to protect self-esteem Bentall, Corcoran, Howard, Blackwood, and Kinderman (2001). Experimental support for this has been mixed. Freeman et al. (1998) suggested depressed and grandiose subgroups of those with persecutory beliefs might explain events differently. In this study, 71 participants completed measures of delusional beliefs, depression and attributional style. We hypothesised that those with persecutory beliefs would form grandiose and depressed subgroups, and that a self-serving attributional style would characterise only the grandiose subgroup. Hypotheses were partially confirmed. Clear subgroups were evident and only those with both persecutory and grandiose beliefs showed an externalising attributional style for negative events. Depression, irrespective of co-occurring persecutory beliefs, was related to a reduced self-serving bias and an externalising attributional style for positive events. On their own, persecutory beliefs were not related to any particular attributional style. Depressed and grandiose subgroups of those with persecutory beliefs might account for some of the inconsistencies in the attribution literature. Even within a single symptom group, care should be taken in both research and therapy to consider individual symptom patterns. 相似文献
173.
Calamari JE Cohen RJ Rector NA Szacun-Shimizu K Riemann BC Norberg MM 《Behaviour research and therapy》2006,44(9):1347-1360
An attempt was made to identify obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) subgroups based on differences in OCD related beliefs. OCD patients (N=367) were assessed with the Obsessional-Beliefs Questionnaire prior to treatment. Individuals' scores on measures of inflated personal responsibility and the tendency to overestimate threat, perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty, and over-importance and over-control of thoughts were subjected to cluster analysis. Support for both a simple and complex subgroup model was found (2-subgroup and 5-subgroup taxonomies). A low-beliefs subgroup was identified in both taxonomies. The low-beliefs subgroups reported scores on belief measures equivalent to scores reported for non-OCD comparison groups in earlier studies. Additional analyses were conducted to determine relations between belief-based and symptom subgroups. Significant relationships were found (e.g., Symmetry symptom subgroup membership was associated with membership in the Perfectionism/Certainty beliefs subgroup), although the shared variance was modest. Implications for understanding OCD heterogeneity and for cognitive theory are discussed. 相似文献
174.
175.
This study examined the association between support/interference from the best friend and closest parent to women's (a) satisfaction with the parent–daughter relationship, (b) satisfaction with the friendship, and (c) love for the romantic partner. The respondents (n = 162 females; 84% Caucasian, 1% Asian American, 10% Hispanic, 4% African American, and 1% Multiracial) completed a questionnaire packet to assess each of the factors. Results revealed that romantic love was unrelated to friend support, friend interference, or parental interference, but positively related to parental support. Parent support was a significant correlate of parent satisfaction, and a similar pattern emerged between friend support/friendship satisfaction. Further, best friend support moderated the relationship between friend interference and friendship satisfaction, such that interference was negatively related to satisfaction in low support conditions. Overall, the results suggested that network reactions to romance played a limited role in romantic affection, but were more strongly associated with network satisfaction. 相似文献
176.
177.
Prior research on stressful events has largely ignored their potential impact on motivational processes. This study prospectively
examined the association of a stressful event with control strivings in the school-to-work transition. Five waves of data
on stressful events, control strategies, and potential mediating variables were collected from an adolescent sample in Berlin
(N = 420) during the year before high school graduation. The occurrence of a stressful event (death of family member, parent
divorce) predicted a decline in general career-related and specific apprenticeship-related control strivings. This association
was mediated by a decline in control-related means-ends beliefs. Proximity to the deadline of graduation exacerbated this
association for apprenticeship-seeking control strivings, but this effect was buffered by usage of selective secondary control
strategies (cognitive strategies to enhance commitment to a goal). Thus, stressful events can exacerbate challenges and require
additional means of control striving.
相似文献
Michael J. PoulinEmail: |
178.
Guy H. Montgomery Daniel David Terry A. DiLorenzo Julie B. Schnur 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2007,25(1):17-34
Individual differences in cognitive factors such as response expectancies and irrational beliefs (IBs) have been shown to
contribute to variability in distress associated with stressful situations. However, their independent influence on distress
when examined within the same study has not been established, nor has the potential of mediational relationships. The purpose
of this study was to investigate the contribution of response expectancies and IBs (both general and exam-specific) to exam-related
distress in a prospective study. Results revealed that both response expectancies and general IBs separately predicted exam-related
distress (p’s<.05; N=105). Observed effects of general IBs were perfectly mediated by, and observed effects of exam-specific IBs were partially
mediated by, response expectancies using the Baron and Kenny approach. These data support the view that cognitive factors
contribute to psychological distress and are consistent with response expectancy and rational emotive behavior theories. The
results suggest that interventions focused on response expectancies and IBs might be an effective means to reduce psychological
distress associated with real life stressors such as exams. Future research is needed to determine whether this effect generalizes
to other stressful situations.
Dr. Montgomery is Director of the Integrative Behavioral Medicine Program at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Dr. David
is an associate professor at Babes-Bolyai University, in Romania. Dr. DiLorenzo is an assistant professor in the Psychology
Department of Stern College. Dr. Schnur is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Oncological Sciences at Mount Sinai
School of Medicine.
This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute (CA81137) and the American Cancer Society (PF-05-098-01-CPPB). 相似文献
179.
成人依恋表征与婚恋依恋 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
近年来依恋研究已拓展到成人的依恋表征和婚恋依恋,依恋表征是成人对其早期依恋经验的回忆和重构,婚恋依恋是成人与情侣间构成的依恋情感联结。该文介绍了依恋表征和婚恋依恋研究的理论背景、测量方法及主要成果——依恋的代际传递性、依恋的临床应用、婚恋依恋对成人婚恋关系质量和工作的影响。最后探讨了成人依恋领域有待深入研究的问题,如依恋表征与婚恋依恋的关系问题、依恋的稳定性与变化问题以及依恋是个体差异还是关系变量等,并分析了今后的研究方向。 相似文献
180.
个体认识论的研究现状与展望 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
个体认识论是个体对知识性质和认识过程的信念,这些信念深刻地影响知识获得和知识建构过程。学生的认识信念是理解学生学习过程的关键成分之一。关于个体认识论研究有个体认识论的发展研究、个体认识的信念系统研究和个体认识的元认知过程研究等三种主要研究取向,这些研究取向既面临着新的问题又各具挑战性的展望 相似文献