消化性溃疡的中西医结合辨治决策思路

面对消化性溃疡病人进行中西医结合辨治决策时,要掌握辨证型、辨病变、辨症状、辨病因等四个思维切入点,并在具体运用中处理好辨证与辨病、共性与个性、局部与整体、内因与外因等四个关系,才能作出正确的辨治决策。     

研究生临床技能测试制度与临床决策能力培养

医学研究生的生源不同、学制不同和培养方式等的差异,导致医学研究生毕业时的临床技能和临床决策能力参差不齐。建立医学毕业研究生临床技能测试制度,合理地评价医学研究生毕业时的实际临床能力,从而制定针对个体的临床技能培养方案,为快速培养和提高青年研究生的临床决策能力提供有力的措施。     

论首发症状的分析在临床决策中的作用

根据不同标准,首发症状可以划分为常见首发症状、可见首发症状、偶见首发症状、特异性首发症状和非特异性首发症状。首发症状在临床决策中的重要作用表现在:提示早期诊断决策信息、疾病内在特征、病灶发生部位、发病病理机制、疾病发展预后和鉴别诊断要点。首发症状的复杂性表现在其无特异性、不典型性、多样性、本系统疾病以外系统疾病为首发症状、躯体性疾病以精神症状为首发症状和首发并发症现象等方面。     

麻醉方式的临床决策

外科手术的进步离不开麻醉的配合,麻醉方式的抉择非常重要。如果麻醉达不到预期效果,不仅可以导致手术失败、也会给患者的身心带来伤害、甚至会由此引起医疗纠纷。科技进步、社会发展应运而生微创医学、医学人文学,这是社会的进步和必然趋势,也是麻醉方式选择的理论依据。     

胸部双源性疾病外科治疗的临床决策

胸部双源性疾病随人口的老龄化而逐年增加,而老年人的心肺及各种脏器功能随年龄的增长逐渐衰退,并发症多,手术风险大,对此类病人的外科治疗如何做出正确的临床医疗决策?我们以循证医学理论为基础,努力做到临床医疗决策的科学性,治疗方案的合理性,大胆尝试,逐步从分期手术向一期手术过渡,既达到了解决病人疾苦,救治病人的目的,又解决了医疗需求的增加和卫生资源短缺的矛盾,取得了满意的效果,降低了医疗成本,节约了医疗资源,产生了明显的社会和经济效益。     

市场、伦理文化与医疗决策的评估

因医疗日益商业化使得医疗决策成为医疗实践中的首要问题.市场本身不能有效地规范企业(医院)的行为.一个组织的文化会影响到个体职业者做出合乎伦理的决定.对伦理氛围的关注的是解决保健体制道德问题的关键.     

The relation of social status to the career decision-making process

The relation of social status to individuals’ career decision self-efficacy (CDSE) and choice certainty was explored using a new, multifaceted measure of social status, the differential status identity scale (DSIS;, Brown, M. T., D’Agruma, H. D., Brown, A., Sia, A., Yamini-Diouf, Y., Porter, S., et al. (2002). Differential status identity: Construct, measurement, and initial validation. In Symposium presented during the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, Illinois.). CDSE was also examined as a potential mediator between social class and career choice certainty. Pilot data and exploratory analyses supported the psychometric properties of the DSIS and the incremental utility of the DSIS over traditional, sociological indices of social class. Results for our college student sample indicated that greater access to economic resources, social prestige, and social power each related to higher levels of CDSE, but that the three facets did not contribute incrementally to CDSE. In addition, social status was related to career choice certainty, but this relation was fully mediated by CDSE.     

The good,the bad and the ugly thing to do when sharing information: Revealing,concealing and lying depend on social motivation,distribution and importance of information

Research on information sharing in group decision-making has widely assumed a cooperative context and focused on the exchange of shared or unshared information in the hidden profile paradigm (36 and 37), neglecting the role of information importance. We argue that information sharing is a mixed-motive conflict setting that gives rise to motivated strategic behavior. We introduce a research paradigm that combines aspects of the traditional information sampling paradigm with aspects of a public good dilemma: the information pooling game. In three experiments, we show that information sharing is strategic behavior that depends on people’s pro-social or pro-self motivation, and that people consider information sharedness and information importance when deciding whether to reveal, withhold, or falsify their private or public information. Pro-social individuals were consistently found to honestly reveal their private and important information, while selfish individuals strategically concealed or even lied about their private and important information.     

Taboo Trade-offs: Reactions to Transactions That Transgress the Spheres of Justice

Taboo trade-offs violate deeply held normative intuitions about the integrity, even sanctity, of certain relationships and the moral-political values underlying those relationships. For instance, if asked to estimate the monetary worth of one's children, of one's loyalty to one's country, or of acts of friendship, people find the questions more than merely confusing or cognitively intractable: they find such questions themselves morally offensive. This article draws on Fiske's relational theory and Tetlock's value pluralism model: (a) to identify the conditions under which people are likely to treat trade-offs as taboo; (b) to describe how people collectively deal with trade-offs that become problematic; (c) to specify the conceptual components of moral outrage and the factors that affect the intensity of reactions to various explicit trade-offs; (d) to explore the various strategies that decision-makers—required by resource scarcity and institutional roles to confront taboo trade-offs—use to deflect the wrath of censorious observers; (e) to offer a method of dispute resolution based on pluralism.     

Images and Policy Preferences

This article reports the results of an experiment that tests the independent and interactive effects of two dimensions of international images: perceived historial relationship and cultural differences. Priming techniques are used to manipulate images in subjects who are involved in a simulated international conflict. Dependent variables include attitudes and behaviors, the latter in the form of policy preferences arranged on a cooperative-conflictual continuum. The results indicate that images do matter. When the perceived relationship is hostile, subjects develop more negative attitudes toward their opponents and choose more conflictual policies. Cultural differences produce more negative attitudes in all conditions but result in more negative policy selections only when the perceived relationship is hostile. In other words, in considering policy moves, cultural differences exacerbate conflict between enemies, but make no difference between friends, in spite of the negative outgroup attitudes they elicit.