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991.
Makmiller Pedroso 《Synthese》2009,170(1):21-31
Some mathematicians and philosophers contend that set theory plays a foundational role in mathematics. However, the development
of category theory during the second half of the twentieth century has encouraged the view that this theory can provide a
structuralist alternative to set-theoretical foundations. Against this tendency, criticisms have been made that category theory
depends on set-theoretical notions and, because of this, category theory fails to show that set-theoretical foundations are
dispensable. The goal of this paper is to show that these criticisms are misguided by arguing that category theory is entirely
autonomous from set theory. 相似文献
992.
David Ellerman 《Synthese》2009,168(1):119-149
Categorical logic has shown that modern logic is essentially the logic of subsets (or “subobjects”). In “subset logic,” predicates
are modeled as subsets of a universe and a predicate applies to an individual if the individual is in the subset. Partitions
are dual to subsets so there is a dual logic of partitions where a “distinction” [an ordered pair of distinct elements (u, u′) from the universe U] is dual to an “element”. A predicate modeled by a partition π on U would apply to a distinction if the pair of elements was distinguished by the partition π, i.e., if u and u′ were in different blocks of π. Subset logic leads to finite probability theory by taking the (Laplacian) probability as the normalized size of each subset-event
of a finite universe. The analogous step in the logic of partitions is to assign to a partition the number of distinctions
made by a partition normalized by the total number of ordered |U|2 pairs from the finite universe. That yields a notion of “logical entropy” for partitions and a “logical information theory.”
The logical theory directly counts the (normalized) number of distinctions in a partition while Shannon’s theory gives the
average number of binary partitions needed to make those same distinctions. Thus the logical theory is seen as providing a
conceptual underpinning for Shannon’s theory based on the logical notion of “distinctions.”
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Gian-Carlo Rota—mathematician, philosopher, mentor, and friend. 相似文献
993.
Elizabeth Barnes 《Synthese》2009,168(1):81-96
In this paper I argue that Gareth Evans’ famous proof of the impossibility of de re indeterminate identity fails on a counterpart-theoretic
interpretation of the determinacy operators. I attempt to motivate a counterpart-theoretic reading of the determinacy operators
and then show that, understood counterpart-theoretically, Evans’ argument is straightforwardly invalid. 相似文献
994.
采用结论评估范式,考察时向和空间关系推理中信念偏差效应的表现形式,以及心理模型理论对关系推理中信念偏差效应的解释力。研究结果表明,关系推理中信念偏差效应的表现形式与三段论有所不同,不论是时间推理还是空间推理中都存在信念主效应,但没有发现信念与逻辑的交互作用;心理模型理论不能对关系推理中信念偏差效应作出合理解释。 相似文献
995.
996.
Javier Revuelta 《Psychometrika》2009,74(2):257-272
The generalized logit–linear item response model (GLLIRM) is a linearly constrained nominal categories model (NCM) that computes
the scale and intercept parameters for categories as a weighted sum of basic parameters. This paper addresses the problems
of the identifiability of the basic parameters and the equivalence between different GLLIRM models. It is shown that the identifiability
of the basic parameters depends on the size and rank of the coefficient matrix of the linear functions. Moreover, two models
are observationally equivalent if the product of the respective coefficient matrices has full column rank. Finally, the paper
also explores the relations between the parameters of nested models.
I would like to express my gratitude to the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions on earlier
versions of the paper. This work was supported by the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) grant: CCG07-UAM/ESP-1615. 相似文献
997.
Coefficients Alpha,Beta, Omega,and the glb: Comments on Sijtsma 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
There are three fundamental problems in Sijtsma (Psychometrika, 2008): (1) contrary to the name, the glb is not the greatest lower bound of reliability but rather is systematically less than
ω
t
(McDonald, Test theory: A unified treatment, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, 1999), (2) we agree with Sijtsma that when considering how well a test measures one concept, α is not appropriate, but recommend ω
t
rather than the glb, and (3) the end user needs procedures that are readily available in open source software. 相似文献
998.
Gadi Taub 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2009,90(3):507-527
In recent years the controversy over Drive versus Relational models of the psyche has become entangled in a philosophical controversy over epistemology. Some have argued that the Drive model was a relic of an age of positivistic science, while Relational models are a product of a postmodern condition. This paper argues that the controversy need not be a philosophical one, and that Relational views are not, in fact, a product of postmodernism, nor are they necessarily dependent on a postmodern epistemology. Separating the epistemological from the psychological more carefully may help return the debate to its proper, psychoanalytic domain, and perhaps contribute to a more fruitful dialogue across what, at times, seems like an abyss between Relational views and Drive theory. 相似文献
999.
Robert M. Galatzer-Levy 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2009,90(5):983-1007
This paper develops a new model for the action of psychoanalysis based on concepts from non-linear dynamics (chaos theory and complexity theory). It shows that the analyst–analysand couple may be conceptualized as a new configuration with its own properties that promote complex development in both members of the couple. These developments are an emergent result of the formation of the analyst–analysand couple and are significantly independent of the particular content of the manifest interaction of the couple. The well-studied phenomena of coupled oscillators suggest the specific features of the analysand–analyst interaction that are likely to be most important in conceptualizing analytic change. The model has substantial clinical applications since efforts to arrange for a coupled oscillator system that is central to it are distinct from many of the traditional considerations associated with creating an analytic situation. 相似文献
1000.
Carlo Bonomi 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2009,90(3):551-580
In this paper the author outlines and discusses the origins and the decline of castration and circumcision as a cure for the nervous and psychic disturbances in women and little girls between 1875 and 1905. The author argues that the opposition to this medical practice affected the conception of hysteria, promoting a distinction between sexuality and the genital organs, and the emergence of an enlarged notion of sexuality, during the period from Freud’s medical education to the publication of the Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. The hypothesis is put forward that Freud came directly in contact with the genital theory of the neurosis at the time of his training on the nervous disturbances in children with the paediatrician, Adolf Baginsky, in Berlin, in March 1886. It is hypothesized that this experience provoked in Freud an abhorrence of circumcision ‘as a cure or punishment for masturbation’, prompting an inner confrontation which resulted in a radical reorganization of the way of thinking about sexuality. It is also suggested that this contributed to Freud developing a capacity to stay with contradictions, something which would become a central quality of the psychoanalytic attitude. 相似文献