Ralph Burhoe and Teilhard De Chardin: an Affinity in Mysticism?

Religious experience is conditioned and influenced by our understanding of reality, and scientific knowledge contributes to that understanding. Spirituality will be related to knowledge of nature in that experience of God will be mediated in and through a relation to the universe and out of the fulfillment of the creation. Thus a mystical knowledge of God is experienced in and out of a developing evolution of nature, society, and culture. Ralph Burhoe and Teilhard de Chardin share a vision of mystical unity with God as arising out of an integration involving the systems of nature and society.     

The Argument from Design: What Is at Stake Theologically?

This article offers a brief overview of the argument for God's existence grounded in the evidence of design. It gives particular attention to the way the argument has evolved over time and in relation to changing scientific perspectives. The argument from de-sign has in fact been formulated and reformulated in response to the discoveries and challenges it has encountered from the field of science. The conclusion of the article explores the theological importance of this argument—its extent and its limits.     

中西方古代“性善论”比较研究

本论文以中国古代儒家思想（以孔子和孟子为代表）和西方古希腊三杰（苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德）的人性思想中的＂性善论＂为研究对象,说明两者在唯心主义色彩、重义轻利的立场以及在重视人性的后天培养等几个方面的相似性;同时,作者还认识到,由于文化差异,双方在诸多方面又存在不同,主要表现为中西方在历史上占主导地位的人性观不同、在人性培养的方法认识上的差别、人与人之间关系的差异等。     

认知需求对个体信息加工倾向性的影响

认知需求指"个体参与和享受思考的倾向"。作为一种认知动机,研究者认为其影响了个体信息加工的倾向性。对国外近30年来的相关研究进行回顾,结果显示认知需求主要在努力程度、自主性和结果及其应用范围这三方面影响了个体的信息加工。最后,展望了认知需求的研究趋势,并从认知需求的测量、无关变量的控制、影响的长期性和稳定性,以及情感因素负荷四方面探讨了现有相关研究的不足。     

突破现代理性之限——生态伦理的困境与出路

生态伦理以追求人与自然关系的和谐相处为目的,但人与自然关系的恶化主要是现代社会的一个现象,而其深层原因则在于人类思维方式的变化———现代理性的产生,所以,真正的生态伦理就必须从思维方式入手,来解决人与自然的矛盾。     

绩效薪酬对雇员创造力的影响:人-工作匹配和创造力自我效能的作用

采用296对上下级匹配数据考察了绩效薪酬对创造力的影响以及人-工作匹配的调节效应和创造力自我效能的中介效应。研究结果表明:绩效薪酬对创造力有倒U形影响;创造力自我效能部分中介了绩效薪酬对创造力的倒U形影响;人-工作匹配调节绩效薪酬与创造力的关系,人-工作匹配度越高,中等强度绩效薪酬的正面效应越强,高强度绩效薪酬的负面效应越弱;绩效薪酬与人-工作匹配的交互效应通过创造力自我效能的完全中介效应影响创造力。     

生命意义的内涵、测量及功能

研究者通常用目的和含义来定义生命意义,或者把它定义为多维度的结构。认知、动机和情感是被提及最多的生命意义的组成维度。动机和认知维度得到了较多研究者的认可,而情感维度存在较大争议。生命意义是幸福不可或缺的元素,它能够影响许多与幸福有关的变量。目前的研究对生命意义的动机维度(生命意义寻求)及如何获得和提高生命意义研究较少,今后的研究可针对这两方面开展。     

A Clash of Civilizations? Muslims,Christians, and Preferences for Democracy

The incompatibility of Islam with democracy has been the focal point of many public and scholarly debates. However, very few studies have attempted to investigate empirically whether the followers of Islam are less favorable to democracy than the followers of Christianity. This study extends previous research by conducting empirical and representative analyses of whether Muslims in general and religious and practicing Muslims in particular prefer democracy less than their Christian counterparts. Using country fixed effects regression and data from the World Values Survey (WVS6) that include 52,326 Muslims and Christians, the analyses show that Muslims in general, as well as religious and practicing Muslims, endorse democracy to the same extent as do Christians. Thereby, this study is the first to provide comparative, individual‐level evidence of the influence these religions may have on democratic attitudes.     

The influence of need for cognitive closure on the attention‐recognition stage of preventive coping

The current study explored the influence of need for cognitive closure (NFCC) on preventive coping via its effects on the attention‐recognition stage and sought to determine whether this influence was moderated by individuals' existing knowledge. An experiment involving 90 university students used the vignette‐reading paradigm to explore the relationships between NFCC, attention and preventive coping behaviour. The results indicated that when preventive coping situations were consistent with participants' previous knowledge, people with high, relative to low, NFCC were more inclined to use preventive coping strategies. As a stage of preventive coping, gaining awareness of potential stressors mediated the relationship between NFCC and preventive coping. However, when coping situations were inconsistent with participants' knowledge, the relationship between NFCC and preventive coping was non‐significant.     

Are demographic Variables Associated with Performance on the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP)?

The Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) is a universal requirement for psychology licensure in the United States and much of Canada. However, in the 53?years of its use, many fundamental questions about this “high stakes” exam remain. Specifically, the EPPP relies exclusively upon content validity evidence, and it is unknown if scores are associated with relevant performance criteria. Limited evidence suggests that failure rates vary according to applicant demographics. To further assess the latter, a Freedom of Information Act request was submitted to a populous US state (N of applicants?=?4892). Significant differences in first-time failure rates were found according to ethnicity (i.e., Blacks?=?38.50%; Hispanics?=?35.60%; Asians?=?24.00%; Whites?=?14.07%). Men (18.85%) failed more often than women (15.82%) and PsyDs (20.07%) failed more often than PhDs (15.02%), but the magnitude of difference in these two analyses was relatively small. Meaningful interactions between ethnicity, gender, and degree type were not found, but given the ethnic performance discrepancies and limited validity evidence, additional psychometric investigation of the EPPP appears warranted (e.g., in terms of criterion and predictive validity testing). Further, it is recommended that the EPPP Step-2 should undergo similar assessments prior to implementation.