父母情感温暖对青少年感恩的影响:责任心与公正世界信念的中介作用

以748名高中生为被试,采用问卷法考察父母情感温暖、责任心以及公正世界信念对青少年感恩的影响机制。结果显示：（1）高中生的父母情感温暖可显著正向预测其感恩;（2）在控制了性别、年龄以及年级后,父母情感温暖可分别通过责任心和公正世界信念间接地影响青少年的感恩。这表明责任心和公正世界信念是父母情感温暖影响青少年感恩的重要中介变量。     

“Behave like a responsible adult” – Relation between social identity and psychosocial skills at stake in self-management of a chronic disease

We show that the development of psychosocial skills promoting self-management of a chronic disease is associated with the acquisition of a social identity valued in the ideological context of reference. To do this, we focus on a skill that is important for people suffering from a chronic disease to acquire: Assuming responsibility for self-managing one’s own pathology. Because acting responsibly is also a skill socially attributed to the identity of adults in Western liberal societies, we studied the chronically ill’s sense of belonging to the adult social group. In Study 1 (N = 102 diabetics), we suggested that behaving like a “responsible adult” in the self-management of a chronic disease is socially valued. In Study 2 (N = 261 diabetics), we suggested that identification with this group is associated with a feeling of responsibility promoting improved self-management behaviors. The results obtained from the two studies are consistent with our hypotheses. They allow us to conceptualize psychosocial skills through the identity, ideological and normative issues that underpin their development.     

责任共担促进新手的互动决策获益：超扫描研究

采用基于近红外脑成像的超扫描技术, 考察了责任共担(即共同承担决策结果)对个体(专家和新手)的互动决策获益(即互动决策后个体的能力提升)的影响及脑机制。结果显示, 相比于非责任共担, 责任共担条件下新手的互动决策获益更高, 其与互动同伴在额极区域存在增强的脑间活动同步性; 并且, 额极的脑间活动同步性可预测新手的互动决策获益。综上, 责任共担可以有效促进新手的互动决策获益, 额极脑间活动同步性可能是潜在的脑机制。     

描述信息与经验不一致对个体风险选择的影响：决策模型的拟合

采用描述−经验冲突范式,考察损益情境下,描述信息与经验不一致对个体风险选择的影响,通过模型拟合探究其内在机制。研究1a和研究1b采用单因素被试间设计,自变量为描述信息与经验不一致程度,因变量为风险选项选择率。结果发现,获益情境中,描述信息与经验不一致程度的主效应不显著;而损失情境中,风险选项选择率受到显著影响。研究2比较决策模型参数发现,获益情境中,描述信息权重参数ξ和选择一致性参数c显著小于损失情境,而近因参数φ显著大于损失情境。这表明,当描述信息与经验不一致时,相对于获益情境,损失情境下个体更大程度地采用描述信息进行决策。研究揭示了损益情境中描述信息与经验不一致影响个体风险选择的机制。     

飞行员情境认知的模糊综合评判

借用环境科学中环境质量评价的概念和方法,建立了飞行员情境认知的多级模糊综合评判模型,并用该模型对飞行员的情境认知进行了综合评判。研究表明,用模糊综合评判方法评价飞行员的情境认知可以提供真实、全面的飞行认知信息,为飞行员的训练有效性及安全性提供可靠依据。     

RETHINKING THE IMAGE OF GOD

Abstract The present ecological crisis imposes a rethinking of the relation between the human being and the rest of nature. Traditional theological articulations of this relation have proven problematic where they foster separatism and anthropocentrism, which give a false report on the relation and have a negative impact on thinking and acting in relation to nature. One place to begin rethinking is through an exploration of the affirmation that the human being is “made in the image of God,”imago dei. Some ways of construing the theological meaning of this designation are more helpful than others. Science has recognized the extent to which the human being is not only dependent upon but even emergent from nature. We are made of the same “stuff” that makes up the rest of the universe. We are nature. The place of the human being is much more modest, recent, and precarious than usually acknowledged in theological reflection. New ways of interpreting our role within nature must evolve out of this new understanding. Philip Hefner has proposed that we think of the human being as created co‐creator. His is a distinctive and promising contribution. This essay responds with both affirmations and friendly questions.     

审美主体与伦理主体的比较研究

本文通过对审美主体和伦理主体的比较研究揭示了个体存在的伦理层面的含义。首先考察了老庄和海德格尔的后现代宗教式的主体和儒家形而上的宗教主体,以及儒家就伦理问题对于老庄的挑战。结论是他们都缺乏把他者的生存作为自己的绝对的责任的伦理含义,因而是审美主体：其次,通过对于环境主体和伦理主体及审美主体的关系的讨论,阐释了这样一个哲学基本问题：伦理存在必须以有限性存在为前提;而后者只是一个哲学的抽象。片面地强调人的有限性(尼采),片面强调有限存在与超越者的关系(老庄和海德格尔),或否认人的有限性,这些观点都忽略了人在这个世界上的伦理责任。后现代伦理学是指我,作为一个个体(me),对于他者的一切负有不可推卸的责任。     

归因特性对组织公正感的影响

以上海市部分企业员工为研究对象,运用问卷调查法探讨归因特性(稳定性、可控性和有意性)对不公正感产生的影响。结果表明:归因的稳定性、可控性、有意性均对责任性有显著的正向影响;归因的稳定性、可控性、有意性均对不公平感有显著的正向影响;归因的稳定性、可控性、有意性均通过责任性部分中介作用于不公正感。     

公民责任意识:结构与动力分析及其教育的行动策略

针对当前公民责任意识教育存在的困难,文章从心理学角度出发,指出了当前研究所忽略的整体情境的动力和阻力问题,并尝试根据勒温的场论思想,对中国公民责任意识教育进行了整体和动力分析。通过整体结构的分析,提出了构成公民责任意识情境的三个维度:文化特征(差序格局-团体格局)、关系内容(传统社会的"义"、"利"、"情"和现代社会的"公")和现实程度(现实-虚构)维度。据此以拓扑心理学形式,举例说明了情境与人格交互作用中的动力和阻力因素。在上述个体层面分析的基础上,文章还简述了公民责任意识教育实践的团体动力学原理,并以展望未来论坛为例,介绍了正在兴起的公民责任意识教育的行动策略。     

Inarticulate Forgiveness

Influentially, Pamela Hieronymi has argued that any account of forgiveness must be both articulate and uncompromising. It must articulate the change in judgment that results in the forgiver's loss of resentment without excusing or justifying the misdeed, and without comprising a commitment to the transgressor's responsibility, the wrongness of the action, and the transgressed person's self‐worth. Non‐articulate accounts of forgiveness, which rely on indirect strategies for reducing resentment (for example, reflecting on the transgressor's bad childhood), are said to fail to explain forgiveness. This paper argues that the articulateness condition is not a necessary condition for forgiveness. It responds to numerous objections advanced against non‐articulate accounts, including the claim that the resentment‐mitigating practices they involve amount to excusing. Appealing to P. F. Strawson's distinction between objective and participant attitudes, it argues that forgivers can take transgressors to be detrimentally causally shaped by their past while holding them to be morally responsible.