Examining the relationship between skilled music training and attention

While many aspects of cognition have been investigated in relation to skilled music training, surprisingly little work has examined the connection between music training and attentional abilities. The present study investigated the performance of skilled musicians on cognitively demanding sustained attention tasks, measuring both temporal and visual discrimination over a prolonged duration. Participants with extensive formal music training were found to have superior performance on a temporal discrimination task, but not a visual discrimination task, compared to participants with no music training. In addition, no differences were found between groups in vigilance decrement in either type of task. Although no differences were evident in vigilance per se, the results indicate that performance in an attention-demanding temporal discrimination task was superior in individuals with extensive music training. We speculate that this basic cognitive ability may contribute to advantages that musicians show in other cognitive measures.     

How to improve the appropriation of space and the morale of residents in nursing homes

This study proposes a simple methodology to improve the quality of life of residents in nursing homes. In the experimental condition, an intervention based on the feeling of control, the technique of touching and “you are free to…” was implemented. Assessment of the residents’ appropriation of their personal space and their morale was made one month later. Data showed a significant improvement in both parameters in the experimental condition, whereas values remained stable in the control group, which did not receive the intervention.     

Spirituality and spiritual care – missing concepts from core undergraduate children’s nursing textbooks

Background: Spiritual care is espoused to be fundamental in children’s nursing; however, the extent to which current fundamental children’s nursing textbooks support and advocate spiritual care delivery by children’s nurses and nursing students is unknown. Aim and objectives: To examine whether or not fundamental undergraduate children’s nursing textbooks include spiritual care content. Methods: Five hundred and nineteen books were sampled from the Nursing and Midwifery Core Collection list (UK) using a survey, the Spirituality Textbook Analysis Tool (STAT) to collect data. Analysis and Results: 519 books were included in the study using the STAT and 13 books included content on children’s spirituality. There were a variety of textbooks in the audit of those that made reference to the search terms in the STAT, it was found that content mainly addressed only two areas; religious faiths and the dying child. Recommendations: Children’s nurses require education about children’s spiritual developmental stage and age appropriate spiritual assessment. A lack of detailed information in core children’s nursing textbooks means that this area of nursing practice may be taught as an adjunct to care and not as an element of holistic care which is the gold standard that children’s nurses should strive for.     

Children’s prayers from a Hospital Chapel

Children’s prayers, from prayer books left in the Chapel of a Children’s Hospital between 1998 and 2002, were studied for what the children’s God-talk would reveal about their perceptions of God. Of the 3893 prayers written during this period, 346 were confidently identified as being authored by children. The sample of 346 prayers, which gave rise to 558 expressions of prayer, was explored through a content analysis, used quantitatively to summarise and describe the data, and a thematic analysis, informed by methods from Grounded Theory. The psychological and spiritual significance of the prayers is drawn out, demonstrating the richness and relationality of children’s spirituality. The predominance of prayers written by female writers, suggests that the extent to which relationality is present is related to gender. Questions concerning possible gender-related differences in girls’ and boys’ spirituality are raised and implications for practice are considered.     

音乐训练促进诗句韵律整合加工的神经过程

本研究采用ERP技术,考察音乐训练组和对照组完成诗句押韵判断任务时,在绝句末对韵律信息(含声调和韵母两个维度)的整合加工过程。结果发现,在100～300 ms,仅音乐训练组在声调/韵母合适条件下,对韵母/声调的一致性进行深入分析,并诱发了更大的正波;在韵母违反条件下,声调违反相比声调合适诱发了更小的正波。在300～750ms,两组被试均在绝句末对诗句内出现的韵母和声调违反进行整合分析并诱发了广泛分布的负波。不过,对照组仅在声调/韵母合适条件下进行,而音乐训练组则在声调/韵母违反条件下完成此过程。综上,音乐训练组和对照组均会在诗句末完成押韵信息的整合加工,但是音乐训练组对韵律信息(尤其是声调)的加工更敏感和快速,并且对不同类型的违反有更精细的差异性反应     

近二十年我国中医药人才培养的知识图谱分析

基于CiteSpace对中国知网数据库2002—2021年的2687篇中医药人才培养文献进行发文量、作者、研究机构、关键词等数据分析。发现人才培养模式、学科建设、医教协同、教学改革等为热点内容。将中医药人才培养研究划分为改革发展、深化发展、创新发展三个阶段,热点集中在中医药人才培养的特色与价值引领、中医药人才培养模式的传承创新、中医药学科及专业建设的发展趋向、人才培养质量评价的价值趋向、人才培养机制的协同发展五个方面,提出强化传统文化与医学人文素质等隐形知识的培养、探索“医学+X”复合型拔尖人才培养道路等未来研究趋向。