Effects of Group Activity Play Therapy on Problem Behaviors of Preadolescent Ugandan Orphans

This randomized controlled study examined the effectiveness of group activity play therapy (GAPT) with 60 displaced Ugandan orphans, ages 10 to 12 years, exhibiting clinical levels of behavior problems. Teachers and housemothers reported that experimental group children demonstrated statistically significant reductions (p < .025) in behavior problems compared with children in the active control condition and that GAPT demonstrated moderate to large treatment effects. Results support GAPT as an effective intervention for troubled Ugandan orphans.     

Secular or nonreligious? Investigating and interpreting generic ‘not religious’ categories and populations

In research dealing with religious affiliation, generic nonreligious categories – ‘no religion’, ‘not religious’, ‘nonreligious’, ‘nones’ – are frequently used to measure secularity and secularisation processes. Analysis of these categories is, however, problematic because they have not received dedicated methodological attention. Using qualitative research conducted in the UK, this article investigates what nonreligious categories measure and, specifically, whether they indicate non-identification or disaffiliation as assumed or an alternative form of cultural affiliation. Findings suggest that generic nonreligious categories are sometimes used to express substantive positions and public identities, and that these are diverse. These findings flatten distinctions between religious and nonreligious categories as ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ respectively and indicate problems therefore in using nonreligious identification to measure secularity and secularisation. They suggest nonreligious identification is, however, a useful indicator of the advance of nonreligious cultures and the ‘nonreligionisation’ of societies.     

A Protective Factors Model for Alcohol Abuse and Suicide Prevention Among Alaska Native Youth

This study provides an empirical test of a culturally grounded theoretical model for prevention of alcohol abuse and suicide risk with Alaska Native youth, using a promising set of culturally appropriate measures for the study of the process of change and outcome. This model is derived from qualitative work that generated an heuristic model of protective factors from alcohol (Allen et al. in J Prev Interv Commun 32:41–59, 2006; Mohatt et al. in Am J Commun Psychol 33:263–273, 2004a; Harm Reduct 1, 2004b). Participants included 413 rural Alaska Native youth ages 12–18 who assisted in testing a predictive model of Reasons for Life and Reflective Processes about alcohol abuse consequences as co-occurring outcomes. Specific individual, family, peer, and community level protective factor variables predicted these outcomes. Results suggest prominent roles for these predictor variables as intermediate prevention strategy target variables in a theoretical model for a multilevel intervention. The model guides understanding of underlying change processes in an intervention to increase the ultimate outcome variables of Reasons for Life and Reflective Processes regarding the consequences of alcohol abuse.     

Towards a Pan‐cultural Personality Structure: Input from 11 Psycholexical Studies

The purpose of the present study is to find the common kernel of different trait taxonomic studies and find out how the individual structures relate to this common kernel. Trait terms from 11 psycholexically based taxonomies were all translated into English. On the basis of the commonalities in English, the 11 matrices were merged into a joint matrix with 7104 subjects and 1993 trait terms. Untranslatable terms produced large areas with missing data. To arrive at the kernel structure of the joint matrix, a simultaneous component analysis was applied. In addition, the kernel structures were compared with the individual taxonomy trait structures, obtained via principal component analysis. The findings provide evidence of a structure consisting of three components to stand out as the core of the taxonomies included in this study; those components were named dynamism, affiliation, and order. Moreover, the relations between these three kernel components and those of a six‐component solution (completing the six‐factor model) are provided. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology     

医学伦理审查如何适应转化医学的要求

随着转化医学的兴起,医学伦理审查面临前所未有的机遇与挑战.如何使医学伦理审查工作更好地适应转化医学发展的需要,提高审查质量,成为亟需解决的问题.在分析当前我国医学伦理审查工作现状和主要问题的基础上,进一步探讨了可行的解决方法,如进一步明确和强化管理部门服务功能、保证伦理委员会成员多样性和重视伦理审查多视角、强化伦理委员会后续跟踪审查、规范伦理审查委员的培训与继续教育等,为我国医学伦理审查工作的规范化发展和医学伦理审查质量的进一步提高提供参考.     

艾滋病科研设计的伦理思考

艾滋病严重地影响着人类的健康及生活质量,艾滋病相关因素的研究迫在眉睫,其科研中包含着一系列的伦理问题,如艾滋病患者的依从性问题,艾滋病患者进行试验研究的双盲、随机、对照等原则问题及艾滋病患者科研相关质量问题.要深刻地理解和认识这些伦理问题,在艾滋病科研设计中注意理解和尊重受试者,制定出有效而合乎伦理的科研政策,加强交流,从而得到艾滋病患者和家属以及社会的认同,以有利于在不同范围内进行科研合作.     

全世界最早的病毒研究机构——弗里德里希·勒夫勒研究院

弗里德里希·勒夫勒研究院(Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut,FLI)由弗里德里希·勒夫勒于1910年创建,是全世界最早开展病毒研究的机构.FLI的使命是关注家畜卫生,研究人畜共患疾病.其主要职能除了研制口蹄疫病、经典猪瘟等动物疾病的一些疫苗外,还为传染性疾病做诊断.FLI在德国6个地方设有10个分支机构,总部设在Riems岛,岛上设有4个研究所;Jena设有2个研究所;Brunswick有1个研究所;Mariensee有1个研究所;Celle有1个研究所;Wuster hausen有1个研究所.FLI的标志人物是弗里德里希·勒夫勒,他是德国著名的微生物学家、卫生学家、病毒学建立者之一,开辟了免疫学,尤其是白喉的治疗等.     

护理学专业学位硕士研究生临床实践体验研究

采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对来自全国各地10所院校的12名护理学专业学位研究生进行半结构式深度访谈。通过对录音访谈内容进行三级编码,逐步归纳提炼出三个主题,每个主题下涵盖不同的副主题：（1）临床实践获益感方面：提升核心能力、体现自身价值;（2）心理体验：归属感、失落感;（3）影响临床实践效果的瓶颈因素：缺乏明确的临床能力考评标准、临床带教师资队伍薄弱。因此,教育者和管理者应重视专业学位硕士研究生,晦床核心能力培养,构建一个充满人文关怀的临床实习环境,消除瓶颈因素,以提高其临床实践效果。     

本科实习护生人文关怀能力及影响因素的质性研究

采用质性研究的方法,分析实习期拳科护生对人文关怀的理解、将其运用到临床实践的能力及影响关怀能力的因素。结果显示,本科护生对护理人文关怀的作用有比较明确的认知,但人文关怀能力不足,护理人文关怀行为主要来自模仿带教老师,其关怀能力主要受到自身素质、带教老师、科室管理、人文氛围等因素的影响。因此,医院应注意加强医护人员人文关怀教育,提高带教老师人文素养,树立角色榜样,改善临床人文环境,促进护生提升人文关怀能力,真正将人文关怀运用到临床护理实践中。