What Are We Doing When We Translate from Quantitative Models?

Although quantitative analysis (in which behavior principles are defined in terms of equations) has become common in basic behavior analysis, translational efforts often examine everyday events through the lens of narrative versions of laboratory-derived principles. This approach to translation, although useful, is incomplete because equations may convey concepts that are difficult to capture in words. To support this point, we provide a nontechnical introduction to selected aspects of quantitative analysis; consider some issues that translational investigators (and, potentially, practitioners) confront when attempting to translate from quantitative models; and discuss examples of relevant translational studies. We conclude that, where behavior-science translation is concerned, the quantitative features of quantitative models cannot be ignored without sacrificing conceptual precision, scientific and practical insights, and the capacity of the basic and applied wings of behavior analysis to communicate effectively.     

Family Functioning and Self-Differentiation: A Cross-Cultural Examination

This study examined the degree to which self-differentiation as related to family functioning is valued differently by Korean and European-American university students. The main findings confirm that the level of family functioning reported by European Americans is greater than for their Korean counterpart; family functioning is associated with differentiation measures (total score, emotional reactivity, and emotional cutoff) to a different extent across the two groups; and controlling for the effect of family functioning, the added contribution of a country variable explained further variance in self-differentiation. The importance of addressing the issue of similarities and differences between cultures in the assessment and treatment of individuals with problems related to their families of origin is discussed.     

不同主题和风险下的人际信任:“信任圈”的中、加比较

在人际关系网络中,那些被信任者构成了个体的"信任圈",信任圈的规模可以代表个体表现出的信任水平。本研究考察了在不同交流主题(借钱、正面和负面信息交流)和风险等级下,中国人和加拿大人信任圈规模的差异。对202名中国和加拿大成年被试的调查表明,交流主题对信任水平有影响,在借钱和交流正面信息时信任圈明显大于交流负面信息时;风险等级越高,信任圈越小,在借钱时人们对风险等级尤其敏感;无论分享正面还是负面信息时,中国人的信任圈都比加拿大人更小,而在借钱方面中国人比加拿大人的信任圈更大。可见,人际信任与主题、风险和文化因素及其交互作用有关,这些结果对于理解信任的文化差异和跨文化交往实践非常有意义。     

我国产后抑郁研究现状分析

本文通过系统分析产后抑郁领域的国内研究现状,为研制针对性的干预策略奠定基础。研究遵循循证医学的理念,运用文献计量分析方法,对国内1998年～2007年间发表的111篇产后抑郁领域的研究文献进行分析。可见研究文献数量呈现逐年上升趋势,但研究范围主要局限于医学中心及区域范畴,研究内容主要涉及产后抑郁的评估与诊断、危险因素研究和预防干预方法的探索,但总体研究设计存在较大缺陷。可见亟需加强社区层面研究,提高研究设计的科学性,并将预防干预方法研究作为重点。     

脂多糖受体mCD14定量研究的方法探讨

本文通过横断面研究,时100例正常人群（一次性）采集外周全血2ml,选用流式细胞技术测定单核细胞群、mCD14平均荧光强度值,行盲法测定。观察正常人群外周血mCD14的表达水平,探讨正常人群mCD14定量研究的方法。结果显示单核细胞与淋巴细胞的比值比单个读取mCD14的平均荧光强度值更具可重复性,集中趋势较好,有利于临床应用和比较研究。此方法可作为流式细胞仪定量检测数据校正的方法参考。     

社会支持与心血管反应的实验室研究概述

从20世纪70年代起国内外学者开始兴起了对社会支持的研究,而对社会支持与心血管健康的关系研究一直都是社会支持研究领域中的重要课题。本文回顾了社会支持在心血管反应的实验室研究中操作性的定义;实验室研究中社会支持与心血管健康的关系、社会支持对心血管反应作用的影响因素、社会支持的作用机制、社会支持的测量方法及社会支持与心血管反应实验室研究的局限性。     

药物性肝损伤的诊断思维

药物性肝损伤（DILI）是指由于药物或其代谢产物引起的肝脏损害。DILI的诊断尚无金标准,目前国际上比较常用的诊断标准分别从数个不同方面各自进行量化评分,根据得分情况做出诊断。本文归纳DILI的产生机制、诊断标准、临床分型及病理类型,总结推论其临床诊断思维与决策,以供临床医生参考,提高诊断水平。     

Assessment of self-conscious emotions: a Swedish psychometric and structure evaluation of the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA)

The Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA) is a well-established scenario-based questionnaire assessing self-conscious emotions, such as shame and guilt, which have been shown to be differentially associated with a variety of functional, motivational, behavioral and health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and internal structure of a Swedish version of TOSCA in a sample of 361 healthy adults. The psychometric properties and internal consistency of the Swedish version were at level with the original US TOSCA version for shame, guilt and detachment. The internal structure of the Swedish version was acceptable for shame, guilt and detachment but contained shortcomings in assessment of externalization.